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'''Four valid factors''' (Tib. ''tséma shyi''; [[Wyl.]] ''tshad ma bzhi'') of [[Lamdré]]:

*valid scripture (''lung tséma''), 
*valid commentaries (''tenchö tséma''),
*valid teacher (''lama tséma''), and
*valid experience (''nyam nyong tséma'').

They arose in this order, but in a student’s experience it goes the other way. First a student develops some valid experience, then appreciates the importance and value of a teacher. Once one has respect for the teacher one has more respect for the commentaries he or she teaches, and then for the original scriptures taught by the [[Buddha]].

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[[Category:4-Four]]