Coordinating particle, ཞིང་: Difference between revisions
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===Coordinating particle, ཞིང་=== | ===Coordinating particle, ཞིང་=== | ||
====Spelling==== | |||
< | {| class="wikitable" style="color:black;background-color:#f0f8f8; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid #ccc;" cellspacing="5" border="0" | ||
|+ | |||
|- | |||
|width="40%" valign="top"|'''last letter of the word''' | |||
|width="10%" valign="top"|'''particle''' | |||
|width="50%" valign="top"|'''example: word with particle''' | |||
|- | |||
|ང་, ན་, མ་, འ་, ར་, ལ་; "no postfix letter" མཐའ་མེད་ | |||
|ཞིང༌ | |||
|བྱུང་ཞིང༌། ཡིན་ཞིང༌། སྙམ་ཞིང༌། འདའ་ཞིང༌། དགར་ཞིང༌། འགལ་ཞིང༌། ཁྲོ་ཞིང༌། | |||
|- | |||
|ག་, ད་, བ་, དྲག་<ref>[[Introduction to the Tibetan Particles, 2.1.1]] Da drag ད་དྲག་</ref> | |||
|ཅིང༌ | |||
|འདུག་ཅིང༌། འདོད་ཅིང༌། ཐོབ་ཅིང༌། གྱུརད་ཅིང༌། | |||
|- | |||
|ས་ | |||
|ཤིང༌ | |||
|བྱས་ཤིང༌། | |||
|} | |||
====Between adjectives, adverbs==== | |||
{{gsample|གསལ་ཞིང་རིག་པ་ཤེས་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད།|clear nbsp;cognizant consciousness defining characteristics|[To be] clear and cognizant are the defining characteristics of consciousness.}}<br> | |||
{{gfverb|བརྟན་པ།|རྟོན་པ།|བརྟན་པ།|རྟོན།|to rely|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}} | |||
{{gsample|ཟབ་ཅིང་རྒྱ་ཆེ་ངེས་པའི་དོན་ལ་རྟོན།|deep vast definitive meaning rely on|to rely on the deep and vast definitive meaning}}<br> | |||
{{gfverb|གྱུར་པ།|འགྱུར་བ།|འགྱུར་བ།||to become|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
{{gsample|རྒྱལ་པོ་དེ་ནི་ཕྱུག་ཅིང་བདེ་སྐྱིད་པར་གྱུར།|king that rich happy became|That king became rich and happy.}}<br> | |||
{{gfverb|བཞུགས་པ།|བཞུགས་པ།|བཞུགས་པ།|བཞུགས།|to stay|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
{{gsample|དབང་པོ་ཀུན་ཞི་ཞིང་བདེ་བར་བཞུགས།|senses all peace bliss stayed|[He] stayed [with] all senses in peace and bliss.}} | |||
====Between two verbs==== | |||
* In this and the following section, the coordination expresses generally either simultaneity or succession.<br> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="color:black;background-color:#ffffff; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid #fff;" cellspacing="10" border="0px" | |||
|+ | |||
|- | |||
|{{gverb|ཟད་པ།|འཛད་པ།|འཛད་པ།||to exhaust|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
|{{gverb|ཡལ་བ།|ཡལ་བ།|ཡལ་བ།||to vanish|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
|}<br> | |||
{{gsample|རྣམ་པ་འཁྲུལ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཟད་ཅིང་ཡལ་བ་ཡིན།|characteristic confusion all exhausted vanished|[Its] characteristic is that all confusion are exhausted and vanished.}}<br> | |||
to | {| class="wikitable" style="color:black;background-color:#ffffff; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid #fff;" cellspacing="10" border="0px" | ||
|+ | |||
|- | |||
|{{gverb|མོས་པ།|མོས་པ།|མོས་པ།||devotion|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
|{{gverb|གུས་པ།|གུས་པ།|གུས་པ།||to respect|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
|}<br> | |||
{{gsample|དགེ་འདུན་དཀོན་མཆོག་ལ་མོས་ཤིང་གུས།|sangha jewel devotion respect|devotion and respect to the jewel of the sangha}}<br> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="color:black;background-color:#ffffff; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid #fff;" cellspacing="10" border="0px" | |||
|+ | |||
|- | |||
|{{gverb|ཟག་པ།|འཛག་པ།|འཛག་པ།||to trickle|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
|{{gverb|ཞུ་བ།|ཞུ་བ།|ཞུ་བ།||to melt|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
|{{gverb|ཁོལ་བ།|འཁོལ་བ།|འཁོལ་བ།||to boil|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
|}<br> | |||
{{gsample|བདུད་རྩིའི་རྒྱུན་འཛག་སྟེ་ཞུ་ཞིང་ཁོལ།|amrita stream trickle down melt boil|The stream of amrita flows down, melts and boils.}} | |||
====Between clauses==== | |||
* In this and the previous section, the coordination expresses generally either simultaneity or succession. | |||
=====Between clauses with same subject===== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="color:black;background-color:#ffffff; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid #fff;" cellspacing="10" border="0px" | |||
|+ | |||
|- | |||
|{{gverb|འཛེགས་པ།|འཛེག་པ།|འཛེག་པ།|འཛེགས།|to climb|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}} | |||
|{{gverb|བཏོགས་པ།|འཐོག་པ།|བཏོག་པ།|འཐོགས།|to pick|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}} | |||
|}<br> | |||
{{gsample|ཤིང་ཁར་འཛེག་ཅིང་མེ་ཏོག་འཐོག|tree branch climb flower pick|[He] climbs up the tree and picks the flowers.}}<br> | |||
[ | {{gsample|འཁོར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱིས་འཇིགས་ཤིང༌། དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལ་ལྷར་འཛིན།|samsara suffering to fear jewel three god apprehend / hold|[They] fear the suffering of samsara and hold the three jewel as gods.}}<br> | ||
{{gfverb|བླངས་པ།|ལེན་པ།|བླང་བ།|ལོངས།|to take|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}} | |||
{{gsample|ཤི་ནས་མེད་དུ་མི་འགྲོ་ཞིང་སྐྱེ་བ་ལེན་དགོས།|died nonexistent not become birth take need|After dying [one] does not become nonexistent and needs to take [another] birth.}} | |||
=====Between clauses with different subjects===== | |||
{{gfverb|ངོམས་པ།|ངོམས་པ།|ངོམས་པ།||to be satiated|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
{{gsample|རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆུ་ཡིས་མི་ངོམས་ཤིང། རྒྱལ་པའི་བང་མཛོད་ནོར་གྱིས་མིན།|ocean water not satiated king treasury wealth not|The ocean does not get satiated with water, nor does the king's treasury with wealth.}} | |||
=Endnotes= | =Endnotes= | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Tibetan Grammar]][[Category:Syntactic Particles]] | [[Category:Tibetan Grammar]][[Category:Syntactic Particles]] | ||
Latest revision as of 03:22, 17 April 2011
WORK IN PROGRESS: the grammar articles are being edited for wiki publication. During editing, the content might be incomplete, out of sequence or even misleading.
| Articles on Tibetan Grammar |
| 1. Introduction |
| 2. Formation of the Tibetan Syllable |
| 3. Formation of the Tibetan Word |
| 4. First case: ming tsam |
| 5. agentive particle |
| 6. Connective Particle |
| 7. La don particles |
| 8. La don particles—Notes |
| 9. Originative case |
| 10. Verbs |
| 11. Verbs—Notes |
| 12. Syntactic particles |
by Stefan J. E.
Coordinating particle, ཞིང་
Spelling
| last letter of the word | particle | example: word with particle |
| ང་, ན་, མ་, འ་, ར་, ལ་; "no postfix letter" མཐའ་མེད་ | ཞིང༌ | བྱུང་ཞིང༌། ཡིན་ཞིང༌། སྙམ་ཞིང༌། འདའ་ཞིང༌། དགར་ཞིང༌། འགལ་ཞིང༌། ཁྲོ་ཞིང༌། |
| ག་, ད་, བ་, དྲག་[1] | ཅིང༌ | འདུག་ཅིང༌། འདོད་ཅིང༌། ཐོབ་ཅིང༌། གྱུརད་ཅིང༌། |
| ས་ | ཤིང༌ | བྱས་ཤིང༌། |
Between adjectives, adverbs
| གསལ་ཞིང་རིག་པ་ཤེས་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད། |
| clear nbsp;cognizant consciousness defining characteristics |
| [To be] clear and cognizant are the defining characteristics of consciousness. |
| ||||||||||||
| ཟབ་ཅིང་རྒྱ་ཆེ་ངེས་པའི་དོན་ལ་རྟོན། |
| deep vast definitive meaning rely on |
| to rely on the deep and vast definitive meaning |
| ||||||||||||
| རྒྱལ་པོ་དེ་ནི་ཕྱུག་ཅིང་བདེ་སྐྱིད་པར་གྱུར། |
| king that rich happy became |
| That king became rich and happy. |
| ||||||||||||
| དབང་པོ་ཀུན་ཞི་ཞིང་བདེ་བར་བཞུགས། |
| senses all peace bliss stayed |
| [He] stayed [with] all senses in peace and bliss. |
Between two verbs
- In this and the following section, the coordination expresses generally either simultaneity or succession.
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| རྣམ་པ་འཁྲུལ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཟད་ཅིང་ཡལ་བ་ཡིན། |
| characteristic confusion all exhausted vanished |
| [Its] characteristic is that all confusion are exhausted and vanished. |
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| དགེ་འདུན་དཀོན་མཆོག་ལ་མོས་ཤིང་གུས། |
| sangha jewel devotion respect |
| devotion and respect to the jewel of the sangha |
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| བདུད་རྩིའི་རྒྱུན་འཛག་སྟེ་ཞུ་ཞིང་ཁོལ། |
| amrita stream trickle down melt boil |
| The stream of amrita flows down, melts and boils. |
Between clauses
- In this and the previous section, the coordination expresses generally either simultaneity or succession.
Between clauses with same subject
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ཤིང་ཁར་འཛེག་ཅིང་མེ་ཏོག་འཐོག |
| tree branch climb flower pick |
| [He] climbs up the tree and picks the flowers. |
| འཁོར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱིས་འཇིགས་ཤིང༌། དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལ་ལྷར་འཛིན། |
| samsara suffering to fear jewel three god apprehend / hold |
| [They] fear the suffering of samsara and hold the three jewel as gods. |
| ||||||||||||
| ཤི་ནས་མེད་དུ་མི་འགྲོ་ཞིང་སྐྱེ་བ་ལེན་དགོས། |
| died nonexistent not become birth take need |
| After dying [one] does not become nonexistent and needs to take [another] birth. |
Between clauses with different subjects
| ||||||||||||
| རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆུ་ཡིས་མི་ངོམས་ཤིང། རྒྱལ་པའི་བང་མཛོད་ནོར་གྱིས་མིན། |
| ocean water not satiated king treasury wealth not |
| The ocean does not get satiated with water, nor does the king's treasury with wealth. |
Endnotes
- ↑ Introduction to the Tibetan Particles, 2.1.1 Da drag ད་དྲག་