Tibetan Grammar - originative case: Difference between revisions
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====Beginning of a confined sequence with negation of the verb==== | ====Beginning of a confined sequence with negation of the verb==== | ||
* This is mostly translated in to English by "until" while leaving out the negation of the verb. | {{gfverb|སྐྱེས་པ།|སྐྱེ་བ།|སྐྱེ་བ།||to be born|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | ||
< | * This is mostly translated in to English by "until" while leaving out the negation of the verb.<br> | ||
{{ | <br> | ||
{{ | {{gfverb|ཤི་བ།|འཆི་བ།|འཆི་བ།||to die|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | ||
born | {{gsample|སྐྱེས་ནས་མ་ཤིའི་བར་དུ་ |born not died|from birth until death, more lit.: from being born until [one] has died; from being born for [as long as one] has not died}}<br> | ||
from birth until death | |||
more lit.: from being born until [one] has died; from being born for [as long as one] has not died | |||
{{gsample|དགུ་པ་གནས་པ་ནི། | {{gfverb|ཐོབ་པ།|འཐོབ་པ།|འཐོབ་པ།||to obtain|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | ||
{{gsample|དགུ་པ་གནས་པ་ནི། རྒྱུན་དེ་ཉིད་སྐྱེས་ནས་མ་ཤིའི་བར་དུ་མི་འཇིག་པར་ཡོད་པའོ།|ninth subsistence continuum that born not died not disintegrate exist [is]|The ninth: Subsistence is to exist in a non-disintegrated [way] from being born until [one] has died.}}<br> | |||
{{gfverb|འཚོས་པ།|འཚོ་བ།|འཚོ་བ།||to live, nurture|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་ '''CHECK'''}} | |||
{{gsample|རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་མཆོག་མ་ཐོབ་བར་དུ་|miraculous display supreme not obtained ''(transitive grammar)''|until [one] has obtained the [ability of] supreme miraculous displays;|as long as [one] has not obtained the [ability of] supreme miraculous displays}}<br> | |||
{{gsample5l|དེ་ལས་གྲོལ་བར་འདོད་པའི་བསམ་པས་གནས་སྐབས་དུས་ཇི་སྲིད་འཚོ་བའི་བར་དང་མཐར་ཐུག་|that liberated wish intention temporary time for as long alive and ultimate|རང་ལམ་གྱི་འབྲས་བུ་མ་ཐོབ་བར་དུ་སྐྱབས་སུ་འགྲོ་|ones path result not attained to take refuge|With the intention to be liberated form that [samsara one] takes refuge temporary for as long as [one] is alive and ultimately until [one] obtains the result of one's path.}} | |||
===Postpositions with ནས་=== | |||
<!-- | |||
{{gsample|ནང་ནས་ | {{gsample|ནང་ནས་ | ||
{{gsample|སྟེང་ནས་ | {{gsample|སྟེང་ནས་ | ||
Revision as of 10:29, 27 June 2011
WORK IN PROGRESS: the grammar articles are being edited for wiki publication. During editing, the content might be incomplete, out of sequence or even misleading.
| Articles on Tibetan Grammar |
| 1. Introduction |
| 2. Formation of the Tibetan Syllable |
| 3. Formation of the Tibetan Word |
| 4. First case: ming tsam |
| 5. agentive particle |
| 6. Connective Particle |
| 7. La don particles |
| 8. La don particles—Notes |
| 9. Originative case |
| 10. Verbs |
| 11. Verbs—Notes |
| 12. Syntactic particles |
by Stefan J. E.
Originative Case—འབྱུང་ཁུངས་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་: ནས་, ལས་
- Also called: originative particle, source particle, ablative particle.
Independent of verb type
Source, origin, འབྱུང་ཁུངས་, place, substance, person
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| སངས་རྒྱས་ལས་ཆོས་འབྱུང༌། |
| Buddha Dharma originate |
| The Dharma comes from the Buddha. |
| This section contains Tibetan script. Without proper Tibetan rendering support configured, you may see other symbols instead of Tibetan script. |
| བའི་ནུ་མ་ལས་འོ་མ་འབྱུང༌། |
| cow udder milk come |
| The milk comes form the cow's udder. |
| རྒྱ་མཚོ་ལས་ནོར་བུ་འབྱུང༌། |
| ocean jewel originate |
| Jewels originate from the ocean. |
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| གནམ་ནས་ཆར་པ་འབབ། |
| sky rain fall |
| Rain falls from the sky. |
| བླ་མའི་ཞལ་ནས་ལེགས་བཤད་བྱུང༌། |
| lama mouth eloquent teaching came |
| The lama gave eloquent teachings. |
| ས་བོན་ལས་མྱུ་གུ་བྱུང༌། |
| seed sprout came |
| The sprout came form the seed. |
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| རྟ་ལས་ལྷུང༌། |
| horse fall |
| to fall from the horse |
| སྐས་ཐོག་ནས་བབ། |
| ladder 'on top of' fall |
| fallen from the ladder |
| ལྷ་ས་ནས་མི་དེ་རྣམས་ |
| Lhasa person those |
| those persons from Lhasa |
Originative of reason
- Tibetan grammatical term: རྒྱུ་མཚན་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་འབྱུང་ཁུངས་
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| དུ་བ་མཐོང་བ་ལས་མེ་ཡོད་པར་ཤེས། |
| smoke see fire exist know (transitive grammar)' |
| From seeing smoke (one) knows that fire is there (exist). |
| བུང་བས་ནི་མེ་ཏོག་དྲི་ལས་ཤེས། |
| bee flower smell know |
| The bee knows the flower from the smell. |
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| སྐོམ་ནས་འཆི་བ་ |
| thirst die |
| to die from thirst |
Originative of instrument and means
Originative of instrument and means
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| རྩོལ་བ་ལས་ཐོབ། |
| effort attained (transitive grammar)' |
| attained through / from effort |
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| དུང་ནས་བཤད་པ་ |
| conch speak |
| to speak by means of conch |
Forming instrumental postpositions
- See also 1.5
| སྒོ་ནས་ |
| door |
| by means of, from the point of view, from the approach of, through, by |
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| ལུས་ངག་ཡིད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་དགེ་བ་ལ་བརྩོན། |
| body speech mind virtue exert (see verb class)' |
Inclusion—only ནས་
- Tibetan grammatical term: སྡུད་པ་
For all the following usages under in this section, only ནས་ is used.
Temporal beginning, succession
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| ཞག་གསུམ་ནས་འཆི་བར་འགྱུར། |
| day three after die auxiliary |
| after the third day [he] will die |
| ཞག་འགའ་ནས་ |
| day few after |
| after a few days |
Beginning of a confined sequence or extent of space, time and enumerations
Space
- Tibetan grammatical term in regard to space: ཡུལ་གྱི་མཚམས་འཛིན་ཅིང་སྡུད་པ་
| རྒྱ་གར་ནས་རྒྱ་ནག་བར་ |
| India China |
| from India until China |
Numbers
- Tibetan grammatical term in regard to numbers: གྲངས་ཀྱི་མཚམས་འཛིན་ཅིང་སྡུད་པ་
| གཅིག་ནས་བརྒྱའི་བར་ |
| one hundred |
| from one to hundred |
Enumerations
- Tibetan grammatical term in regard to functional objects: དངོས་པོའི་མཚམས་འཛིན་ཅིང་སྡུད་པ་
| མིག་ནས་ཡིད་བར་ |
| eye mind |
| from the eye up to the mind |
| མ་གི་བསྙེན་གནས་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་པ་ནས་ ཡ་གི་གསང་སྔགས་ཀྱི་སྡོམ་པའི་པར་ |
| lower end precepts of lay ordination eight-fold upper end secret mantra vows of |
| from the lower end, the eight-fold precepts of lay ordination to the upper end, the vows of the secret mantra |
Time
| སྐྱེ་བ་ནས་འཆི་བའི་བར་དུ་ |
| birth death |
| from birth until death |
| མགོ་ནས་མཇུག་གི་བར་ |
| beginning conclusion |
| from beginning to conclusion |
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| ཟླ་བ་དང་པོ་ནས་ཟླ་བ་དྲུག་པའི་བར་དུ་དེར་བསྡད། |
| month first from month sixth until there stayed |
| [He] stayed there from first until the sixth month. |
Beginning of a confined sequence with negation of the verb
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- This is mostly translated in to English by "until" while leaving out the negation of the verb.
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| སྐྱེས་ནས་མ་ཤིའི་བར་དུ་ |
| born not died |
| from birth until death, more lit.: from being born until [one] has died; from being born for [as long as one] has not died |
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| དགུ་པ་གནས་པ་ནི། རྒྱུན་དེ་ཉིད་སྐྱེས་ནས་མ་ཤིའི་བར་དུ་མི་འཇིག་པར་ཡོད་པའོ། |
| ninth subsistence continuum that born not died not disintegrate exist [is] |
| The ninth: Subsistence is to exist in a non-disintegrated [way] from being born until [one] has died. |
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| རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་མཆོག་མ་ཐོབ་བར་དུ་ |
| miraculous display supreme not obtained (transitive grammar)' |
| until [one] has obtained the [ability of] supreme miraculous displays; |
| དེ་ལས་གྲོལ་བར་འདོད་པའི་བསམ་པས་གནས་སྐབས་དུས་ཇི་སྲིད་འཚོ་བའི་བར་དང་མཐར་ཐུག་ |
| that liberated wish intention temporary time for as long alive and ultimate |
| རང་ལམ་གྱི་འབྲས་བུ་མ་ཐོབ་བར་དུ་སྐྱབས་སུ་འགྲོ་ |
| ones path result not attained to take refuge |
| With the intention to be liberated form that [samsara one] takes refuge temporary for as long as [one] is alive and ultimately until [one] obtains the result of one's path. |
Postpositions with ནས་
[...]
