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[[Image:Bodhisattva.JPG|frame|[[Bodhisattva]] [[sangha]] from the [[Longchen Nyingtik]] Field of Merit]] | [[Image:Bodhisattva.JPG|frame|[[Bodhisattva]] [[sangha]] from the [[Longchen Nyingtik]] Field of Merit]] | ||
'''Five paths''' (Skt. ''pañcamārga''; Tib. ལམ་ལྔ་, ''lam nga'', [[Wyl.]] ''lam lnga'') — a succession of five stages or paths describing the entire spiritual journey towards [[liberation]]. They appear with similar names in both the [[Basic yana]] ([[Sarvastivadin]] and [[Sautrantika]] schools) and [[Mahayana]], but their interpretation is considerably different.<ref>[[Philippe Cornu]], ''Dictionnaire encyclopédique du bouddhisme'' (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2001), page 708.</ref> | |||
They are: | |||
#the [[path of accumulation]] (Skt. ''sambhāramārga'') | #the [[path of accumulation]] (Skt. ''sambhāramārga'') | ||
#the [[path of joining]] (also called 'engagement' or 'junction') (Skt. ''prayogamārga'') | #the [[path of joining]] (also called 'engagement' or 'junction') (Skt. ''prayogamārga'') | ||
| Line 7: | Line 9: | ||
#the [[path of no-more-learning]] (Skt. ''aśaikṣamārga'') | #the [[path of no-more-learning]] (Skt. ''aśaikṣamārga'') | ||
==Progression on the Five Paths According to the Mahayana Tradition== | |||
In the [[Mahayana]], the five paths describe the entire spiritual journey, from its very beginnings with the taking of the [[bodhisattva vow]] and the generation of [[relative bodhichitta]], up until its culmination at the stage of complete [[enlightenment]]. | |||
Along the first four of the five paths, the [[thirty-seven factors of enlightenment]] are undertaken and perfected, and present thereafter as qualities of enlightenment. | |||
There is also a correspondence between the five paths and the [[ten bhumis]]. | |||
The chart below summarizes the details of this progression and its various correspondences.<ref>Sources: ''[[Zindri]]'', pages 229-330; individual wiki articles on each of the five paths; ''A Brief Guide to the Stages and Paths of the Bodhisattvas'' by [[Patrul Rinpoche]] (Lotsawa House); [[Philippe Cornu]], ''Manuel de bouddhisme — Philosophie, pratique et histoire. Tome II, Bouddhisme Mahāyāna'' (Editions Rangdröl, 2019), pages 44-46.</ref> | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
{|align="center" border="1" cellpadding="15" cellspacing="1": | {|align="center" border="1" cellpadding="15" cellspacing="1": | ||
! paths !! progress !! subdivisions !! factors of enlightenment !! bhumis | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |rowspan="3" align="center"|1. accumulation | ||
| | |rowspan="3" align="left"|taking the bodhisattva vow; generating [[relative bodhichitta]] in both [[Bodhichitta in aspiration|aspiration]] and [[Bodhichitta in action|action]]; aspiring towards the [[absolute bodhichitta]]; special effort to gather the accumulation of [[merit]] | ||
| | |align="left"|lesser | ||
| | |align="left"|meditating mainly on the [[four applications of mindfulness]] | ||
| | |rowspan="7" align="left"|stage of aspiring conduct; bodhisattva who is still an ordinary being (Skt. ''pṛthagjana'') | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan= | |colspan="1" align="left"|intermediate | ||
|colspan="1" align="left"|chiefly practising the [[four genuine restraints]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan= | |colspan="1" align="left"|greater | ||
|colspan="1" align="left"|practising the [[four bases of miraculous powers]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |rowspan="4" align="center"|2. joining | ||
|rowspan="4" align="left"|increase of wisdom ([[prajña]]) | |||
|warmth | |||
|rowspan="2"|cultivating the [[five powers]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan= | |colspan="1" align="left"|summit | ||
|- | |||
|colspan="1" align="left"|acceptance | |||
|rowspan="2"|the five powers 'become' the [[five strengths]] | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="1" align="left"|supreme attribute | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="1" align="center”|3. seeing | |||
|direct realisation of [[absolute bodhicitta]] | |||
| | |||
|[[seven elements for enlightenment]] | |||
|[[first bhumi]]; becoming an [[arya]] bodhisattva | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="1" align="center”|4. meditation | |||
|meditating on, and gaining familiarity with, the truth realized on the path of seeing; according to the tradition of [[Asanga]], there are [[Four hundred and fourteen discards of the path of meditation|four hundred and fourteen discards]] to be relinquished on this path | |||
| | |||
|[[noble eightfold path]] | |||
|second to tenth bhumis | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="1" align="center”|5. no-more-learning | |||
|complete enlightenment is reached when the most subtle cognitive obscurations are overcome by means of what is called the “vajra-like samadhi”; omniscience of a ''samyaksam-buddha'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|complete Enlightenment, eleventh bhumi | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
It is said in the [[pith instructions]] that the path of accumulation is the stage of '''understanding''', the path of joining is the stage of '''experience''', and the path of seeing is the stage of '''realization'''.<ref>Source needed.</ref> | |||
==Canonical Literature== | ==Canonical Literature== | ||
| Line 46: | Line 77: | ||
*''[[Abhisamayalankara]]'' | *''[[Abhisamayalankara]]'' | ||
== | ==Further Reading== | ||
* | *Patrul Rinpoche, {{LH|tibetan-masters/patrul-rinpoche/stages-and-path|''A Brief Guide to the Stages and Paths of the Bodhisattvas''}} | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<small><references/></small> | |||
[[Category:Key Terms]] | [[Category:Key Terms]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:40, 19 January 2021
Five paths (Skt. pañcamārga; Tib. ལམ་ལྔ་, lam nga, Wyl. lam lnga) — a succession of five stages or paths describing the entire spiritual journey towards liberation. They appear with similar names in both the Basic yana (Sarvastivadin and Sautrantika schools) and Mahayana, but their interpretation is considerably different.[1]
They are:
- the path of accumulation (Skt. sambhāramārga)
- the path of joining (also called 'engagement' or 'junction') (Skt. prayogamārga)
- the path of seeing (or 'insight') (Skt. darśanamārga)
- the path of meditation (or 'cultivation') (Skt. bhāvanāmārga)
- the path of no-more-learning (Skt. aśaikṣamārga)
Progression on the Five Paths According to the Mahayana Tradition
In the Mahayana, the five paths describe the entire spiritual journey, from its very beginnings with the taking of the bodhisattva vow and the generation of relative bodhichitta, up until its culmination at the stage of complete enlightenment.
Along the first four of the five paths, the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment are undertaken and perfected, and present thereafter as qualities of enlightenment.
There is also a correspondence between the five paths and the ten bhumis.
The chart below summarizes the details of this progression and its various correspondences.[2]
| paths | progress | subdivisions | factors of enlightenment | bhumis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. accumulation | taking the bodhisattva vow; generating relative bodhichitta in both aspiration and action; aspiring towards the absolute bodhichitta; special effort to gather the accumulation of merit | lesser | meditating mainly on the four applications of mindfulness | stage of aspiring conduct; bodhisattva who is still an ordinary being (Skt. pṛthagjana) |
| intermediate | chiefly practising the four genuine restraints | |||
| greater | practising the four bases of miraculous powers | |||
| 2. joining | increase of wisdom (prajña) | warmth | cultivating the five powers | |
| summit | ||||
| acceptance | the five powers 'become' the five strengths | |||
| supreme attribute | ||||
| 3. seeing | direct realisation of absolute bodhicitta | seven elements for enlightenment | first bhumi; becoming an arya bodhisattva | |
| 4. meditation | meditating on, and gaining familiarity with, the truth realized on the path of seeing; according to the tradition of Asanga, there are four hundred and fourteen discards to be relinquished on this path | noble eightfold path | second to tenth bhumis | |
| 5. no-more-learning | complete enlightenment is reached when the most subtle cognitive obscurations are overcome by means of what is called the “vajra-like samadhi”; omniscience of a samyaksam-buddha | complete Enlightenment, eleventh bhumi |
It is said in the pith instructions that the path of accumulation is the stage of understanding, the path of joining is the stage of experience, and the path of seeing is the stage of realization.[3]
Canonical Literature
Sutras
Shastras
Further Reading
- Patrul Rinpoche,
A Brief Guide to the Stages and Paths of the Bodhisattvas
References
- ↑ Philippe Cornu, Dictionnaire encyclopédique du bouddhisme (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2001), page 708.
- ↑ Sources: Zindri, pages 229-330; individual wiki articles on each of the five paths; A Brief Guide to the Stages and Paths of the Bodhisattvas by Patrul Rinpoche (Lotsawa House); Philippe Cornu, Manuel de bouddhisme — Philosophie, pratique et histoire. Tome II, Bouddhisme Mahāyāna (Editions Rangdröl, 2019), pages 44-46.
- ↑ Source needed.