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In the opening verses to the Sutra of Three Heaps, homage is paid to the thirty-five buddhas of confession. The thirty-five buddhas of confession are:<br>
'''Thirty-five buddhas of confession''' (Tib. གཤེག་ལྷ་སོ་ལྔ་, ''shek lha so nga'', [[Wyl.]] ''gsheg lha so lnga'') — buddhas enumerated in ''Ascertaining the Discipline: the Sutra of Upali's Questions'' ([[Toh]] 68, Skt. ''Vinayaviniścayopāli­paripṛcchāsūtra'', '' 'dul ba rnam par gtan la dbab pa nye bar 'khor gyis zhus pa'i mdo''). The relevant passage became known as the ''[[Sutra of the Three Heaps]]'' and is cited in [[Shantideva]]’s ''[[Compendium of Training]]'' as a method of purifying transgressions of vows and downfalls of the bodhisattva vow.<ref>Unlike ''Ascertaining the Discipline'', Shantideva’s ''Compendium of Training'' has been preserved in Sanskrit, eg. as inputted by Mirek Rozehnal and published on GRETIL.</ref>
<br>
 
Shakyamuni, the perfect buddha, the conqueror, the holder, the transcendent one, the thus gone, the one victorious over the enemy<br>
#[[Buddha Shakyamuni]] (Skt. Buddha Śākyamuni; Tib. སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་, ''sangye shakya tubpa'', Wyl. ''sangs rgyas shAkya thub pa'')<br>
The One Who Has Fully Conquered with the Diamond Essence<br>
#Vajra Conqueror (Skt. Vajrapramardin; Tib. རྡོ་རྗེའི་སྙིང་པོ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇོམས་པ་, ''dorjé nyingpo rabtu jompa'', [[Wyl.]] ''rdo rje snying pos rab tu 'joms pa'')
The Jewel Radiating Light <br>
#Blazing Jewel (Skt. Ratnārcis; Tib. རིན་ཆེན་འོད་འཕྲོ་, ''rinchen ö tro'', Wyl. ''rin chen 'od 'phro'')
The Sovereign King of Nagas <br>
#Sovereign King of Nagas (Skt. Nāgeśvararāja; Tib. ཀླུ་དབང་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ་, ''luwang gi gyalpo'', Wyl. ''klu dbang gi rgyal po'')
The Leader of Heroes<br>
#Leader of the Warriors (Skt. Vīrasena; Tib. དཔའ་བོའི་སྡེ་, ''pawö dé'', Wyl. ''dpa' bo'i sde'')
The Glorious Joy<br>
#Heroic Sound (Skt. Vīranandin; Tib. དཔལ་དགྱེས་, ''pal gyé'', Wyl. ''dpal dgyes'')
The Jewel Fire<br>
#Glorious Jewel (Skt. Ratnaśrī; རིན་ཆེན་མེ་, ''rinchen mé'', Wyl. ''rin chen me'')
The Jewel Moonlight<br>
#Jewel Moonlight (Skt. Ratnacandraprabha; Tib. རིན་ཆེན་ཟླ་འོད་, ''rinchen da ö'', Wyl. ''rin chen zla 'od'')
The Meaningful Vision<br>
#[[Amogadarshin|Unerring Vision]] (Skt. Amoghadarśin; Tib. མཐོང་བ་དོན་ཡོད་, ''tongwa dön yö'', Wyl. ''mthong ba don yod'')
The Jewel Moon<br>
#Jewel Moon (Skt. Ratnacandra; Tib. རིན་ཆེན་ཟླ་བ་, ''rinchen dawa'', Wyl. ''rin chen zla ba'')
<br>
#Stainless One (Skt. Vimala;<ref>The Sanskrit version of the Śikṣāsamuccaya adds a homage to Nirmala before Vimala. Both of these buddhas’ names could be rendered into Tibetan as Drima Mepa (Wyl. ''dri ma med pa'').</ref> Tib. དྲི་མ་མེད་པ་, ''drima mepa'', Wyl. ''dri ma med pa'')
The Stainless One <br>
#Gift of a Hero (Skt. Śūradatta; Tib. དཔལ་བྱིན་, ''pal jin'', Wyl. ''dpal sbyin'')
The Glorious Giving<br>
#Pure One (Skt. Brahmaṇa; Tib. ཚངས་པ་, ''tsangpa'', Wyl. ''tshangs pa'')
The Pure One <br>
#Gift of Purity (Skt. Brahmadatta; Tib. ཚངས་པས་བྱིན་, ''tsangpé jin'', Wyl. ''tshangs pas sbyin'')
The Giving of Purity<br>
#Water Deity (Skt. Varuṇa; Tib. ཆུ་ལྷ་, ''chu lha'', Wyl. ''chu lha'')
The Water Deity <br>
#God of Water Deities (Skt. Varuṇadeva; Tib. ཆུ་ལྷའི་ལྷ་, ''chulhé lha'', Wyl. ''chu lha'i lha'')
The God of Water Deities<br>
#Glorious Goodness (Skt. Bhadraśrī; Tib. དཔལ་བཟང་, ''palzang'', Wyl. ''dpal bzang'')
The Glorious Goodness <br>
#Glorious Sandalwood (Skt. Candanaśrī; . Tib. ཙནྡན་དཔལ་, ''tsenden pal'', Wyl. ''tsan dan dpal'')
The Glorious Sandalwood <br>
#Infinite Vitality (Skt. Anantaujas; Tib. གཟི་བརྗིད་མཐའ་ཡས་, ''ziji tayé'', Wyl. ''gzi brjid mtha' yas'')
Infinite Splendour <br>
#Glorious Splendour (Skt. Prabhāsaśrī; Tib. འོད་དཔལ་, ''ö pal'', Wyl. '''od dpal'')
The Glorious Light <br>
#Glorious One Without Sorrow (Skt. Aśokaśrī; Tib. མྱ་ངན་མེད་པའི་དཔལ་, ''nya ngen mepé pal'', Wyl. ''mya ngan med pa'i dpal'')
<br>
#Son of No Craving (Skt. Nārāyaṇa;<ref>The Sanskrit is variously interpreted as "resting upon water," “the path of human beings,” and “the son of man.” The Tibetan interpretation, which we are following here is “the son of Nāra,” with Nāra translated as “one without craving.”</ref> Tib. སྲེད་མེད་ཀྱི་བུ་, ''semé kyi bu'', Wyl. ''sred med kyi bu'')
The Glorious One Without Sorrow<br>  
#Glorious Flowers (Skt. Kusumaśrī; Tib. མེ་ཏོག་དཔལ་, ''metok pa''l, Wyl. ''me tog dpal'')
The Sun of Non-Desire <br>
#Splendour of Brahma, Miraculous Insight (Skt. Brahmajyotirvikrīḍitābhijña; Tib. ཚངས་པའི་འོད་ཟེར་རྣམ་པར་རོལ་པ་མངོན་པར་མཁྱེན་པ་, ''tsangpé özer nampar rolpa ngönpar khyenpa'', Wyl. ''tshangs pa'i 'od zer rnam par rol pa mngon par mkhyen pa'')
The Glory of Flowers <br>
#Splendorous Lotus, Miraculous Insight (Skt. Padmajyotirvikrīḍitābhijña;<ref>The Sanskrit version of the Śikṣāsamuccaya omits a homage to this buddha.</ref> Tib. པདྨའི་འོད་ཟེར་རྣམ་པར་རོལ་པ་མངོན་པར་མཁྱེན་པ་, ''pemé özer nampar rolpa ngönpar khyenpa'', Wyl. ''pad+ma'i 'od zer rnam par rol pas mngon par mkhyen pa'')
The Thus Gone Clearly Knowing Through Pure Radiance<br>
#Glorious Wealth (Skt. Dhanaśrī; Tib. ནོར་དཔལ་, ''norpal'', Wyl. ''nor dpal'')
The Thus Gone Clearly Knowing Through the Play of Lotus Radiance<br>  
#Glorious Mindfulness (Skt. Smṛtiśrī; Tib. དྲན་པའི་དཔལ་, ''drenpé pal'', Wyl. ''dran pa'i dpal'')
The Glory of Wealth <br>
#Renowned and Glorious One (Skt. Suparikīrtitanāmadheyaśrī; Tib. མཚན་དཔལ་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཡོངས་བསྒྲགས་, ''tsen pal shintu yong drak'', Wyl. ''mtshan dpal shin tu yongs su grags pa'')
The Glory of Vigilance <br>
#King Indra’s Banner (Skt. Indraketudhvajarāja; . Tib. དབང་པོའི་ཏོག་གི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་, ''wangpö tok gi gyaltsen gyi gyalpo'', Wyl. ''dbang po'i tog gi rgyal mtshan gyi rgyal po'')
The Renowned Glorious Name<br>
#Glorious Hero (Skt. Suvikrāntaśrī; Tib. ཤིན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པའི་དཔལ་, ''shintu nampar nönpé pal''; Tib. རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པས་གཤེགས་པའི་དཔལ་, ''nampar nönpé shekpé pal'', Wyl. ''shin tu rnam par gnon pa'i dpal'')
The King of the Victory Banner that Crowns the Sovereign<br>
#Perfect Victor in Battle (Skt. *Vijitrasaṃgrāma;<ref>The Tibetan appears to translate the Sanskrit name Vijitrasaṃgrāma. Alternatively, the Tibetan could also be a translation of the Sanskrit name Yuddhajaya. The Śikṣāsamuccaya reads Vicitrasaṃkrama (Eng. Perfect Transference).</ref> Tib. གཡུལ་ལས་ཤིན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བ་, ''yul lé shintu nampar gyalwa'', Wyl. ''g.yul las rnam par rgyal ba'')
The Glorious One Who Fully Subdues<br>
#Transcendent Victory (Skt. Vikrāntagāmin; Tib. རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པས་གཤེགས་པའི་དཔལ་, ''nampar nönpé shekpé pal'', Wyl. ''rnam par gnon pa'i gshegs pa'i dpal'')
<br>
#Glorious Array of Eternal Splendour (Skt. Samantāvabhāsavyūhaśrī; Tib. ཀུན་ནས་སྣང་བ་བཀོད་པའི་དཔལ་, ''künné nangwa köpé pal'', Wyl. ''kun nas snang ba bkod pa'i dpal'')
The Perfect Victor in Battle <br>
#Courageous Lotus Jewel (Skt. Ratnapadmavikrāmin; Tib. རིན་ཆེན་པདྨས་རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པ་, ''rinchen pemé nampar nönpa'', Wyl. ''rin chen pad+ma'i rnam par gnon pa'')
The One Gone Beyond Through Complete Victory<br>  
#Lotus Jewel Steadfast like the King of Mountains (Skt. Ratnapadmasupratiṣṭhitaśailendrarāja; Tib. རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་པདྨའི་གདན་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་བཞུགས་པ་རི་དབང་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ་, ''rinpoche dang pemé den la rabtu shyukpa riwang gi gyalpo'', Wyl. ''rin po che dang pad+ma'i gdan la rab tu bzhugs pa'i ri dbang gi rgyal po'')
The Glorious Array Eternally Illuminating <br>
 
The Lotus Jewel Who Fully Subdues <br>
==Notes==
The Thus Gone Conqueror of the Enemy, Perfect Buddha Who Dwells on the Lotus Jewel, King of the Sovereign Mount Meru<br>
<small><references/></small>
 
==External links==
*{{LH|words-of-the-buddha/confession-of-downfalls-nyingma| The Bodhisattva’s Confession of Downfalls}}
 
[[Category:Buddhas and Deities]]
[[Category:Enumerations]]
[[Category:30s-Thirties]]

Latest revision as of 16:11, 30 June 2021

Thirty-five buddhas of confession (Tib. གཤེག་ལྷ་སོ་ལྔ་, shek lha so nga, Wyl. gsheg lha so lnga) — buddhas enumerated in Ascertaining the Discipline: the Sutra of Upali's Questions (Toh 68, Skt. Vinayaviniścayopāli­paripṛcchāsūtra, 'dul ba rnam par gtan la dbab pa nye bar 'khor gyis zhus pa'i mdo). The relevant passage became known as the Sutra of the Three Heaps and is cited in Shantideva’s Compendium of Training as a method of purifying transgressions of vows and downfalls of the bodhisattva vow.[1]

  1. Buddha Shakyamuni (Skt. Buddha Śākyamuni; Tib. སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་, sangye shakya tubpa, Wyl. sangs rgyas shAkya thub pa)
  2. Vajra Conqueror (Skt. Vajrapramardin; Tib. རྡོ་རྗེའི་སྙིང་པོ་རབ་ཏུ་འཇོམས་པ་, dorjé nyingpo rabtu jompa, Wyl. rdo rje snying pos rab tu 'joms pa)
  3. Blazing Jewel (Skt. Ratnārcis; Tib. རིན་ཆེན་འོད་འཕྲོ་, rinchen ö tro, Wyl. rin chen 'od 'phro)
  4. Sovereign King of Nagas (Skt. Nāgeśvararāja; Tib. ཀླུ་དབང་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ་, luwang gi gyalpo, Wyl. klu dbang gi rgyal po)
  5. Leader of the Warriors (Skt. Vīrasena; Tib. དཔའ་བོའི་སྡེ་, pawö dé, Wyl. dpa' bo'i sde)
  6. Heroic Sound (Skt. Vīranandin; Tib. དཔལ་དགྱེས་, pal gyé, Wyl. dpal dgyes)
  7. Glorious Jewel (Skt. Ratnaśrī; རིན་ཆེན་མེ་, rinchen mé, Wyl. rin chen me)
  8. Jewel Moonlight (Skt. Ratnacandraprabha; Tib. རིན་ཆེན་ཟླ་འོད་, rinchen da ö, Wyl. rin chen zla 'od)
  9. Unerring Vision (Skt. Amoghadarśin; Tib. མཐོང་བ་དོན་ཡོད་, tongwa dön yö, Wyl. mthong ba don yod)
  10. Jewel Moon (Skt. Ratnacandra; Tib. རིན་ཆེན་ཟླ་བ་, rinchen dawa, Wyl. rin chen zla ba)
  11. Stainless One (Skt. Vimala;[2] Tib. དྲི་མ་མེད་པ་, drima mepa, Wyl. dri ma med pa)
  12. Gift of a Hero (Skt. Śūradatta; Tib. དཔལ་བྱིན་, pal jin, Wyl. dpal sbyin)
  13. Pure One (Skt. Brahmaṇa; Tib. ཚངས་པ་, tsangpa, Wyl. tshangs pa)
  14. Gift of Purity (Skt. Brahmadatta; Tib. ཚངས་པས་བྱིན་, tsangpé jin, Wyl. tshangs pas sbyin)
  15. Water Deity (Skt. Varuṇa; Tib. ཆུ་ལྷ་, chu lha, Wyl. chu lha)
  16. God of Water Deities (Skt. Varuṇadeva; Tib. ཆུ་ལྷའི་ལྷ་, chulhé lha, Wyl. chu lha'i lha)
  17. Glorious Goodness (Skt. Bhadraśrī; Tib. དཔལ་བཟང་, palzang, Wyl. dpal bzang)
  18. Glorious Sandalwood (Skt. Candanaśrī; . Tib. ཙནྡན་དཔལ་, tsenden pal, Wyl. tsan dan dpal)
  19. Infinite Vitality (Skt. Anantaujas; Tib. གཟི་བརྗིད་མཐའ་ཡས་, ziji tayé, Wyl. gzi brjid mtha' yas)
  20. Glorious Splendour (Skt. Prabhāsaśrī; Tib. འོད་དཔལ་, ö pal, Wyl. 'od dpal)
  21. Glorious One Without Sorrow (Skt. Aśokaśrī; Tib. མྱ་ངན་མེད་པའི་དཔལ་, nya ngen mepé pal, Wyl. mya ngan med pa'i dpal)
  22. Son of No Craving (Skt. Nārāyaṇa;[3] Tib. སྲེད་མེད་ཀྱི་བུ་, semé kyi bu, Wyl. sred med kyi bu)
  23. Glorious Flowers (Skt. Kusumaśrī; Tib. མེ་ཏོག་དཔལ་, metok pal, Wyl. me tog dpal)
  24. Splendour of Brahma, Miraculous Insight (Skt. Brahmajyotirvikrīḍitābhijña; Tib. ཚངས་པའི་འོད་ཟེར་རྣམ་པར་རོལ་པ་མངོན་པར་མཁྱེན་པ་, tsangpé özer nampar rolpa ngönpar khyenpa, Wyl. tshangs pa'i 'od zer rnam par rol pa mngon par mkhyen pa)
  25. Splendorous Lotus, Miraculous Insight (Skt. Padmajyotirvikrīḍitābhijña;[4] Tib. པདྨའི་འོད་ཟེར་རྣམ་པར་རོལ་པ་མངོན་པར་མཁྱེན་པ་, pemé özer nampar rolpa ngönpar khyenpa, Wyl. pad+ma'i 'od zer rnam par rol pas mngon par mkhyen pa)
  26. Glorious Wealth (Skt. Dhanaśrī; Tib. ནོར་དཔལ་, norpal, Wyl. nor dpal)
  27. Glorious Mindfulness (Skt. Smṛtiśrī; Tib. དྲན་པའི་དཔལ་, drenpé pal, Wyl. dran pa'i dpal)
  28. Renowned and Glorious One (Skt. Suparikīrtitanāmadheyaśrī; Tib. མཚན་དཔལ་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཡོངས་བསྒྲགས་, tsen pal shintu yong drak, Wyl. mtshan dpal shin tu yongs su grags pa)
  29. King Indra’s Banner (Skt. Indraketudhvajarāja; . Tib. དབང་པོའི་ཏོག་གི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་, wangpö tok gi gyaltsen gyi gyalpo, Wyl. dbang po'i tog gi rgyal mtshan gyi rgyal po)
  30. Glorious Hero (Skt. Suvikrāntaśrī; Tib. ཤིན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པའི་དཔལ་, shintu nampar nönpé pal; Tib. རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པས་གཤེགས་པའི་དཔལ་, nampar nönpé shekpé pal, Wyl. shin tu rnam par gnon pa'i dpal)
  31. Perfect Victor in Battle (Skt. *Vijitrasaṃgrāma;[5] Tib. གཡུལ་ལས་ཤིན་ཏུ་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བ་, yul lé shintu nampar gyalwa, Wyl. g.yul las rnam par rgyal ba)
  32. Transcendent Victory (Skt. Vikrāntagāmin; Tib. རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པས་གཤེགས་པའི་དཔལ་, nampar nönpé shekpé pal, Wyl. rnam par gnon pa'i gshegs pa'i dpal)
  33. Glorious Array of Eternal Splendour (Skt. Samantāvabhāsavyūhaśrī; Tib. ཀུན་ནས་སྣང་བ་བཀོད་པའི་དཔལ་, künné nangwa köpé pal, Wyl. kun nas snang ba bkod pa'i dpal)
  34. Courageous Lotus Jewel (Skt. Ratnapadmavikrāmin; Tib. རིན་ཆེན་པདྨས་རྣམ་པར་གནོན་པ་, rinchen pemé nampar nönpa, Wyl. rin chen pad+ma'i rnam par gnon pa)
  35. Lotus Jewel Steadfast like the King of Mountains (Skt. Ratnapadmasupratiṣṭhitaśailendrarāja; Tib. རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་པདྨའི་གདན་ལ་རབ་ཏུ་བཞུགས་པ་རི་དབང་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ་, rinpoche dang pemé den la rabtu shyukpa riwang gi gyalpo, Wyl. rin po che dang pad+ma'i gdan la rab tu bzhugs pa'i ri dbang gi rgyal po)

Notes

  1. ↑ Unlike Ascertaining the Discipline, Shantideva’s Compendium of Training has been preserved in Sanskrit, eg. as inputted by Mirek Rozehnal and published on GRETIL.
  2. ↑ The Sanskrit version of the Śikṣāsamuccaya adds a homage to Nirmala before Vimala. Both of these buddhas’ names could be rendered into Tibetan as Drima Mepa (Wyl. dri ma med pa).
  3. ↑ The Sanskrit is variously interpreted as "resting upon water," “the path of human beings,” and “the son of man.” The Tibetan interpretation, which we are following here is “the son of Nāra,” with Nāra translated as “one without craving.”
  4. ↑ The Sanskrit version of the Śikṣāsamuccaya omits a homage to this buddha.
  5. ↑ The Tibetan appears to translate the Sanskrit name Vijitrasaṃgrāma. Alternatively, the Tibetan could also be a translation of the Sanskrit name Yuddhajaya. The Śikṣāsamuccaya reads Vicitrasaṃkrama (Eng. Perfect Transference).

External links

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