Abhidharma: Difference between revisions
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[[image:Vasubandhu.JPG|frame|[[Vasubandhu]], author of the [[Treasury of Abhidharma]]]]'''Abhidharma''' (Skt.; Pal. ''Abhidhamma''; Tib. [[ཆོས་མངོན་པ་]], [[མངོན་པ་]], ''chö ngönpa'', ''ngönpa | [[image:Vasubandhu.JPG|frame|[[Vasubandhu]], author of the [[Treasury of Abhidharma]]]]'''Abhidharma''' (Skt.; Pal. ''Abhidhamma''; Tib. [[ཆོས་མངོན་པ་]], [[མངོན་པ་]], ''chö ngönpa'', ''ngönpa'', [[Wyl.]] ''chos mngon pa'', ''mngon pa'') — the third of the [[three pitakas]], or collections (literally ‘baskets’), into which the Buddhist teachings are divided. This pitaka, which is associated with the training in [[wisdom]] (Skt. ''prajñā''), defines many of the topics mentioned in the [[sutra]]s, and arranges them in classifications, such as the [[five skandhas]], [[twelve ayatanas]] and [[eighteen dhatus]], thereby providing tools for generating a precise understanding of all experience. | ||
Artemus Engle writes: | Artemus Engle writes: | ||
:Often viewed as little more than a dry and uninspiring catalog of lists and definitions, this material is in fact a repository of the fundamental concepts and ideas that inform all of the major Buddhist philosophical schools and traditions. Great [[Mahayana]] figures like [[Nagarjuna]] and [[Asanga]] should properly be seen as presenting a critical analysis of the early realist tendencies in Buddhist thought, rather than positing views that reject the very framework on which all Buddhist philosophical theories are constructed. On a more practical level, Abhidharma literature contains the subject matter that allows one to investigate and learn with minute precision every aspect of the [[Three higher trainings|three Buddhist trainings]] of morality, one-pointed concentration, and wisdom. <ref>Artemus B. Engle, ''The Inner Science of Buddhist Practice: Vasubhandu's Summary of the Five Heaps with Commentary by Sthiramati'' | :Often viewed as little more than a dry and uninspiring catalog of lists and definitions, this material is in fact a repository of the fundamental concepts and ideas that inform all of the major Buddhist philosophical schools and traditions. Great [[Mahayana]] figures like [[Nagarjuna]] and [[Asanga]] should properly be seen as presenting a critical analysis of the early realist tendencies in Buddhist thought, rather than positing views that reject the very framework on which all Buddhist philosophical theories are constructed. On a more practical level, Abhidharma literature contains the subject matter that allows one to investigate and learn with minute precision every aspect of the [[Three higher trainings|three Buddhist trainings]] of morality, one-pointed concentration, and wisdom.<ref>Artemus B. Engle, ''The Inner Science of Buddhist Practice: Vasubhandu's Summary of the Five Heaps with Commentary by Sthiramati'' (Ithaca: Snow Lion, 2009)</ref> | ||
[[Yashomitra]] writes that according to “those who emphasize the sutras” ([[Sautrantika]]), while it is correct to say that the Buddha taught abhidharma, he did not teach separate abhidharmic treatises (as the [[Vaibhashika]] think); he taught the abhidharma in specific sutras, such as ''[[Distinctly Ascertaining the Meanings]]''.<ref>84000, Introduction to ''Distinctly Ascertaining the Meanings''. Skilling, Peter, “Discourse on the Twenty-Two Faculties (Translated from Śamathadeva’s Upāyikā-ṭīkā).” In Dharmapravicaya: Aspects of Buddhist Studies: Essays in Honour of N. H. Samtani, edited by Lalji “Shravak” and Charles Willemen (Delhi: Buddhist World Press, 2012).</ref> | |||
==Subdivisions== | |||
*Upper Abhidharma of the [[Mahayana]] | |||
*Lower Abhidharma of the [[Shravakayana]] | |||
==Major Texts== | ==Major Texts== | ||
*[[Asanga]], ''[[Compendium of Abhidharma]]'' | *[[Asanga]], ''[[Compendium of Abhidharma]]'' | ||
*[[Vasubandhu]], ''[[Treasury of Abhidharma]]'' | *[[Vasubandhu]], ''[[Treasury of Abhidharma]]'' | ||
==Alternative Translations== | ==Alternative Translations== | ||
| Line 21: | Line 23: | ||
==Further Reading== | ==Further Reading== | ||
*Goodman, Steven D., ''The Buddhist Psychology of Awakening—An In-Depth Guide to Abhidharma'' (Boston & London: Shambhala Publications, 2020) | *[[Philippe Cornu|Cornu, Philippe]], ''Dictionnaire Encyclopédique du Bouddhisme'' (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2006), page 27-28. | ||
*Goodman, Steven D., ''The Buddhist Psychology of Awakening—An In-Depth Guide to Abhidharma'' (Boston & London: Shambhala Publications, 2020) | |||
*Guenther, Herbert V. ''Philosophy and Psychology in the Abhidharma'' (Rev Sub edition. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2011) | *Guenther, Herbert V. ''Philosophy and Psychology in the Abhidharma'' (Rev Sub edition. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2011) | ||
*[[Chögyam Trungpa|Trungpa]], Chogyam, ''Glimpses of Abhidharma'' (Boston: Shambhala, 2001) | *[[Chögyam Trungpa|Trungpa]], Chogyam, ''Glimpses of Abhidharma'' (Boston: Shambhala, 2001) | ||
Latest revision as of 19:31, 16 January 2022
Abhidharma (Skt.; Pal. Abhidhamma; Tib. ཆོས་མངོན་པ་, མངོན་པ་, chö ngönpa, ngönpa, Wyl. chos mngon pa, mngon pa) — the third of the three pitakas, or collections (literally ‘baskets’), into which the Buddhist teachings are divided. This pitaka, which is associated with the training in wisdom (Skt. prajñā), defines many of the topics mentioned in the sutras, and arranges them in classifications, such as the five skandhas, twelve ayatanas and eighteen dhatus, thereby providing tools for generating a precise understanding of all experience.
Artemus Engle writes:
- Often viewed as little more than a dry and uninspiring catalog of lists and definitions, this material is in fact a repository of the fundamental concepts and ideas that inform all of the major Buddhist philosophical schools and traditions. Great Mahayana figures like Nagarjuna and Asanga should properly be seen as presenting a critical analysis of the early realist tendencies in Buddhist thought, rather than positing views that reject the very framework on which all Buddhist philosophical theories are constructed. On a more practical level, Abhidharma literature contains the subject matter that allows one to investigate and learn with minute precision every aspect of the three Buddhist trainings of morality, one-pointed concentration, and wisdom.[1]
Yashomitra writes that according to “those who emphasize the sutras” (Sautrantika), while it is correct to say that the Buddha taught abhidharma, he did not teach separate abhidharmic treatises (as the Vaibhashika think); he taught the abhidharma in specific sutras, such as Distinctly Ascertaining the Meanings.[2]
Subdivisions
- Upper Abhidharma of the Mahayana
- Lower Abhidharma of the Shravakayana
Major Texts
Alternative Translations
- higher knowledge
- inner science
- special knowledge
Notes
- ↑ Artemus B. Engle, The Inner Science of Buddhist Practice: Vasubhandu's Summary of the Five Heaps with Commentary by Sthiramati (Ithaca: Snow Lion, 2009)
- ↑ 84000, Introduction to Distinctly Ascertaining the Meanings. Skilling, Peter, “Discourse on the Twenty-Two Faculties (Translated from Śamathadeva’s Upāyikā-ṭīkā).” In Dharmapravicaya: Aspects of Buddhist Studies: Essays in Honour of N. H. Samtani, edited by Lalji “Shravak” and Charles Willemen (Delhi: Buddhist World Press, 2012).
Further Reading
- Cornu, Philippe, Dictionnaire Encyclopédique du Bouddhisme (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2006), page 27-28.
- Goodman, Steven D., The Buddhist Psychology of Awakening—An In-Depth Guide to Abhidharma (Boston & London: Shambhala Publications, 2020)
- Guenther, Herbert V. Philosophy and Psychology in the Abhidharma (Rev Sub edition. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2011)
- Trungpa, Chogyam, Glimpses of Abhidharma (Boston: Shambhala, 2001)