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'''Basic [[Vehicle]]''' (Skt. ''Hīnayāna''; Tib. [[ཐེག་དམན་]], [[Wyl.]] ''theg dman'') — literally the 'Lesser Vehicle', but perhaps more accurately understood as 'Vehicle of Lesser Result'. What principally distinguishes followers of the | '''Basic [[Vehicle]]''' (Skt. ''Hīnayāna''; Tib. [[ཐེག་དམན་]], ''tek men'', [[Wyl.]] ''theg dman'') — literally the 'Lesser Vehicle', but perhaps more accurately understood as 'Vehicle of Lesser Result'. What principally distinguishes followers of the Basic Vehicle from those of the Great Vehicle (Skt. ''[[Mahayana]]'') is their motivation. They aspire for the personal liberation of [[nirvana]], and lack the courage to pursue the greater fruition of the Mahayana—this being the [[enlightenment]] of all [[sentient beings]]. | ||
It comprises both the ''[[shravaka yana|Shravakayana]]'' | It comprises both the ''[[shravaka yana|Shravakayana]]'' or vehicle of [[shravaka]]s and the ''[[pratyekabuddha yana|Pratyekabuddhayana]]'' or vehicle of [[pratyekabuddha]]s. | ||
==Subdivisions== | |||
Even though the [[Theravada]] school is the only Basic Vehicle school extant today, by the time the [[Buddha]]'s discourses were written down in Pali in Sri Lanka, there were a total of 18 or 20 different ancient buddhist schools.<ref>[[Thich Nhat Hanh]], ''The Heart of Buddha's Teachings'' (Harmony, 1999), page 16.</ref> | |||
With the first doctrinal divisions, the two following schools appeared<ref>Source for school divisions: [[Philippe Cornu]], ''Manuel de bouddhisme — Philosophie, pratique et histoire. Tome I, Bouddhisme ancien et Theravāda'' (Editions Rangdröl, 2019), pages 175-206.</ref>: | |||
*[[Sthaviravadin]] (Skt. ''Sthāviravādin''; Tib. [[གནས་བརྟན་པ་]]) | |||
*[[Mahasanghika]] (Skt. ''Mahāsāṇghika''; Tib. [[ཕལ་ཆེན་པ་]]) | |||
The Sthaviravadin later divided into three other schools: | |||
*Pudgalavadin (Skt. ''Pudgalavādin''; Wyl. ''gang zag smra ba'') or [[Vatsiputriya]] (Skt. ''Vātsīputrīya''; Tib. [[གནས་མ་བུ་པ་]]), which will later give birth to the [[Sammitiya]] (Skt. ''Samṁitīya''; Tib. [[མང་པོས་བཀུར་བ་]], Wyl. ''mang bkur ba'') school | |||
*[[Sarvastivadin]] (Skt. ''Sarvāstivādin''; Tib. [[ཐམས་ཅད་ཡོད་པར་སྨྲ་བ་]]), which will later give birth to the [[Sautrantika]] school | |||
*Vibhajyavadin (Skt. ''Vibhajyavādin''), which will later give birth to the Theravada, Mahishasika and Dharmaguptaka schools | |||
The Mahasanghika later divided into two other schools: | |||
*Lokottaravadin (Skt. ''Lokottaravādin'') | |||
*Prajñaptivadin (Skt. ''Prajñaptivādin'') | |||
==Alternative Translations== | ==Alternative Translations== | ||
*Fundamental Vehicle | *Fundamental Vehicle | ||
*Individual Vehicle | *Individual Vehicle | ||
*Foundation Path/Vehicle | |||
==References== | |||
<small><references/></small> | |||
==Further Reading== | ==Further Reading== | ||
| Line 11: | Line 31: | ||
[[Category:Key Terms]] | [[Category:Key Terms]] | ||
[[Category:Basic Yana]] | [[Category:Basic Yana| ]] | ||
[[Category:Yanas]] | [[Category:Yanas]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:55, 14 September 2023
Basic Vehicle (Skt. Hīnayāna; Tib. ཐེག་དམན་, tek men, Wyl. theg dman) — literally the 'Lesser Vehicle', but perhaps more accurately understood as 'Vehicle of Lesser Result'. What principally distinguishes followers of the Basic Vehicle from those of the Great Vehicle (Skt. Mahayana) is their motivation. They aspire for the personal liberation of nirvana, and lack the courage to pursue the greater fruition of the Mahayana—this being the enlightenment of all sentient beings.
It comprises both the Shravakayana or vehicle of shravakas and the Pratyekabuddhayana or vehicle of pratyekabuddhas.
Subdivisions
Even though the Theravada school is the only Basic Vehicle school extant today, by the time the Buddha's discourses were written down in Pali in Sri Lanka, there were a total of 18 or 20 different ancient buddhist schools.[1]
With the first doctrinal divisions, the two following schools appeared[2]:
- Sthaviravadin (Skt. Sthāviravādin; Tib. གནས་བརྟན་པ་)
- Mahasanghika (Skt. Mahāsāṇghika; Tib. ཕལ་ཆེན་པ་)
The Sthaviravadin later divided into three other schools:
- Pudgalavadin (Skt. Pudgalavādin; Wyl. gang zag smra ba) or Vatsiputriya (Skt. Vātsīputrīya; Tib. གནས་མ་བུ་པ་), which will later give birth to the Sammitiya (Skt. Samṁitīya; Tib. མང་པོས་བཀུར་བ་, Wyl. mang bkur ba) school
- Sarvastivadin (Skt. Sarvāstivādin; Tib. ཐམས་ཅད་ཡོད་པར་སྨྲ་བ་), which will later give birth to the Sautrantika school
- Vibhajyavadin (Skt. Vibhajyavādin), which will later give birth to the Theravada, Mahishasika and Dharmaguptaka schools
The Mahasanghika later divided into two other schools:
- Lokottaravadin (Skt. Lokottaravādin)
- Prajñaptivadin (Skt. Prajñaptivādin)
Alternative Translations
- Fundamental Vehicle
- Individual Vehicle
- Foundation Path/Vehicle
References
- ↑ Thich Nhat Hanh, The Heart of Buddha's Teachings (Harmony, 1999), page 16.
- ↑ Source for school divisions: Philippe Cornu, Manuel de bouddhisme — Philosophie, pratique et histoire. Tome I, Bouddhisme ancien et Theravāda (Editions Rangdröl, 2019), pages 175-206.
Further Reading
- Chögyam Trungpa, The Profound Treasury of the Ocean of Dharma, Volume One: The Path of Individual Liberation (Shambhala, 2014)