Coordinating particle, དང་སྒྲ་: Difference between revisions

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* Chapter overview: [[Tibetan Grammar - Syntactic particles]]
* Chapter overview: [[Tibetan Grammar - Syntactic particles]]


===Coordinating particle, དང་སྒྲ་===
The {{gtib|དང་སྒྲ་}}" was formerly placed with the [[Tibetan Grammar - Syntactic particles|"syntactic particles"]] and called "coordinating particle {{gtib|དང་སྒྲ་}}", it can now be found as [[Tibetan Grammar - Associative Particle|"associative particle{{gtib|དང་སྒྲ་}}"]]
====Conjunction====
=====Inclusion=====
* Tibetan grammatical term: {{gtib|སྡུད་པ་}}<br>
 
{{gfverb|ཕྱེ་བ།|འབྱེད་པ།|དབྱེ་བ།|ཕྱེས།|to divide|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}}
{{gsample5l|དེ་རེ་རེར་ཡང་གསུམ་གསུམ་དུ་དབྱེ་སྟེ། གཟུགས་ཕུང་ལ་འབྱུང་བའི་ཁམས་དང༌།|these each&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;three&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;three&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to divide&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;form&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;skandha&nbsp;&nbsp;major elements dhatu|སྣོད་ཀྱི་འཇིག་རྟེན་དང༌། བཅུད་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་དང་གསུམ།|container&nbsp;&nbsp;world&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;content&nbsp;&nbsp;sentient being&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;three|... [when] dividing each of these again into sets of three: regarding the form skandha [there is the division into] the three [of] the major elements, the world [which is] the container,  [and] the sentient being [who are] the content.}}<br>
 
{{gsample|གཟུགས་དང༌། ཚོར་བ་དང༌། འདུ་ཤེས་དང༌། འདུ་བྱེད་དང༌། རྣམ་པར་ཤེས་པ་ནི་ཕུང་པོའོ།|form&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;feeling&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;perception&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;formation&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;consciousness&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;skandha|Form, feeling, perception, formation and consciousness are the skandhas.}}<br>
 
{{gsample|བགོ་བ་དང་བཟའ་བ་|clothes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;food|clothes and food}}<br>
 
 
'''With sociative meaning'''<br>
 
{{gfverb|སོང་བ་, ཕྱིན་པ།|འགྲོ་བ།|འགྲོ་བ།|སོང་།|to go|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}}
{{gsample|བུ་གཉིས་དང་བཙུན་མོ་དང་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཕྱིན།|son&nbsp;&nbsp;two&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;consort&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;king&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;went|The two sons, the consort and the king went.<br>The king went with the two sons and the consort.}}<br>
:'''Note:''' The sociative is more commonly expressed by different postpositions. E.g., {{gtib|ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་}}, together.<br>
 
{{gsample|རྒྱལ་པོ་བཙུན་མོ་དང་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་ཕྱིན།|king&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;consort&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;together&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;went|The king went together with the consort.}}
* {{gtib|དང་}} here comes together with {{gtib|ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་}}.
 
 
=====Coordination of divisions=====
* Tibetan grammatical term: {{gtib|འབྱེད་པ་}}<br>
 
{{gsample|ཆོས་ནི་གཉིས་ཏེ། ཟག་བཅས་དང་ཟག་མེད་དོ།|dharmas two&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;defiled&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;undefiled|There are two dharmas, defiled and undefiled [ones].}}<br>
 
{{gsample|རིག་གནས་ནི་ལྔ་སྟེ། སྒྲ་རིག་པ་དང༌། ཚད་མ་རིག་པ་དང༌། བཟོ་རིག་པ་དང༌། གསོ་བ་རིག་པ་དང༌། ནང་དོན་རིག་པའོ།|sciences&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;five&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grammar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;logic&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;crafts&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;medicine&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;inner science|There are five sciences: grammar, logic, crafts, medicine and the inner science.}}
 
 
====Coordination of verbs====
=====Temporal=====
* Tibetan grammatical term: {{gtib|ཚེ་སྐབས་}}<br>
 
{{gfverb|ཉལ་བ།|ཉལ་བ།|ཉལ་བ།|ཉོལ།|to lie down, sleep|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}}
{{gsample|ཆུ་ཚོད་དགུ་ཟིན་པ་དང་མལ་དུ་ཉལ།|hour&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nine&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lie down|It became nine o’clock and [he] went to bed.}}<br>
 
{{gfverb|ལྡངས་པ།|ལྡང་བ།|ལྡང་བ།|ལྡོངས།|to get up|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}}
{{gsample|སྐྱ་རེངས་ཤར་བ་དང་མལ་ནས་ལྡང༌།|dawn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;arose&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;get up|The dawn arose and [he] got up.}}
 
 
=====Causal=====
* Tibetan grammatical term: {{gtib|རྒྱུ་མཚན་}}<br>
 
{{gfverb|ཟོས་པ་|བཟས་པ།|ཟ་བ།|བཟའ་བ།|ཟོ།|to eat|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}}
{{gsample|སྨན་ལེགས་པར་ཟོས་པ་དང་ནད་ལས་གྲོལ།|medicine well&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ate&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;illness&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;freed|After [he]had well eaten the medicine, [he] was cured.<br>From eating the medicine he was cured.}}<br>
 
{{gfverb|འགྱུར་བ།|འགྱུར་བ།|འགྱུར་བ།||to become|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}}
{{gsample|ཡི་གེ་སློབ་པ་དང་མཁས་པར་འགྱུར།|scriptures study&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;learned&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;become|Study the scriptures and become learned.<br>From studying the scriptures one becomes learned.}}<br>
 
 
=====Coordination after imperative=====
{{gfverb|ཉན་པ།|ཉན་པ།|མཉན་པ།|ཉོན།|to listen|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}}
{{gsample|ཁྱོད་ལེགས་པར་ཉོན་ཅིག་དང༌། ཁྱོད་ལ་བསྟན་པར་བྱའོ།།|you&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;well&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;listen "!"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;explain&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;''auxiliary''|Listen well! And [I] will explain to you.}}
 
 
====Imperative / instruction====
* Tibetan grammatical term: {{gtib|གདམས་ངག་}}<br>
 
{{gfverb|བསྒྲུབས་པ།|སྒྲུབ་པ།|བསྒྲུབ་པ།|སྒྲུབས།|to accomplish|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}}
{{gsample|ལེགས་པར་སྦྱོངས་དང༌། ཆོས་སྒྲུབས་དང༌།|well&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;study&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dharma accomplish|Study well! Accomplish the Dharma!}}
 
{{gfverb|སྦྱངས་པ།|སྦྱོང་བ།|སྦྱང་བ།|སྦྱོངས།|to study|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}}<br>
 
 
====Coordination====
{{gsample|་་་ལོག་ལྟ་མངོན་གྱུར་མེད་པ་དང༌། གཞན་བསད་ཀྱང་མི་འཆི་བ་དང༌། ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཡིད་འོང་མེད་པས་་་་|wrong views manifest not have&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;other&nbsp;&nbsp;killed even not die&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;possessions&nbsp;&nbsp;appealing not exist|[in the hell realm] ... [they] don’t have manifest wrong views; and even [if one] has killed an other [one], [no one will] die; and because [there] are no appealing possessions...}}
 
 
=====Coordination of quotations=====
{{gsample5l|་་་བསྐྲད་པའི་ཕྱིར་སྦྱིན་པ་སྦྱིན་པར་མི་བྱེད་དོ། །ཞེས་པ་དང༌། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ནི་གྲགས་པ་དང་|to expel&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;offerings&nbsp;&nbsp;give&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not do&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[it is said] and&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bodhisattva&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;renown|ཚིགས་སུ་བཅད་པའི་ཕྱིར་སྦྱིན་པ་སྦྱིན་པར་མི་བྱེད་དོ། །ཞེས་པ་དང༌།་་་|&nbsp;&nbsp;verse&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;offerings give&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not do&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[it is said] and|[it is said]: "... [a bodhisattva] does not give offerings in order to expel [someone]", and [it is said]: "A bodhisattva does not give offerings in order to be renown or praised.", and: "..." ."}}<br>
 
 
====With repeated words or particles====
{| class="wikitable" style="color:black;background-color:#ffffff; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid #fff;" cellspacing="10" border="0px"
|+
|-
|{{gsample|ཞག་དང་ཞག་|day&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;day|day by day}}
|{{gsample|ཁྱིམ་དང་ཁྱིམ་|house&nbsp;&nbsp;house|house by house}}
|{{gsample|ཡང་དང་ཡང་དུ་|again&nbsp;&nbsp;again|again and again}}
|}




[[Category:Tibetan Grammar]][[Category:Syntactic Particles]]
[[Category:Tibetan Grammar]][[Category:Syntactic Particles]]

Latest revision as of 10:23, 24 August 2012

WORK IN PROGRESS: the grammar articles are being edited for wiki publication. During editing, the content might be incomplete, out of sequence or even misleading.

Articles on Tibetan Grammar
1. Introduction
2. Formation of the Tibetan Syllable
3. Formation of the Tibetan Word
4. First case: ming tsam
5. agentive particle
6. Connective Particle
7. La don particles
8. La don particles—Notes
9. Originative case
10. Verbs
11. Verbs—Notes
12. Syntactic particles

by Stefan J. E.

The དང་སྒྲ་" was formerly placed with the "syntactic particles" and called "coordinating particle དང་སྒྲ་", it can now be found as "associative particleདང་སྒྲ་"

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