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'''Nine demeanours (or styles) of a wrathful deity''' (Skt. ''navanāṭyarasa'', Tib. གར་གྱི་ཉམས་དགུ, ''gar gyi nyam gu'', [[Wyl.]] ''gar gyi nyams dgu'') — there are three of the body, three of the speech and three of the mind.<ref>One source for these nine demeanours is the Hevajra Tantra, 2nd segment, chapter 5, v. 26. (Tib. སྒེག་ཅིང་དཔའ་བོ་མི་སྡུག་པ། །རྒོད་ཅིང་དྲག་ཤུལ་འཇིགས་རུང་བ། །སྙིང་རྗེ་རྔམ་དང་ཞི་བ་ཡིས། །གར་དགུའི་རོ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཉིད།)</ref>.
'''Nine demeanours (or styles) of a wrathful deity''' (Skt. ''navanāṭyarasa''; Tib. གར་གྱི་ཉམས་དགུ, ''gar gyi nyam gu'', [[Wyl.]] ''gar gyi nyams dgu'') — there are three of the body, three of the speech and three of the mind.<ref>One source for these nine demeanours is the Hevajra Tantra, 2nd segment, chapter 5, v. 26. (Tib. སྒེག་ཅིང་དཔའ་བོ་མི་སྡུག་པ། །རྒོད་ཅིང་དྲག་ཤུལ་འཇིགས་རུང་བ། །སྙིང་རྗེ་རྔམ་དང་ཞི་བ་ཡིས། །གར་དགུའི་རོ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཉིད།)</ref>. Some lists differ slightly from each other.
 
[[Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Tayé|Jamgön Kongtrul]] says in his ''Treasury of Knowledge''
 
#Graceful (Skt. ''śṛṅgāra''; Wyl. ''sgeg pa'') on account of their ornaments and radiance;
#Heroic (Skt. ''vīra''; Wyl. ''dpa' ba'') on account of their display of dignity;
#Ugly (Skt. ''bībhatsa''; Wyl. ''mi sdugpa'') on account of their menacing stares and frowns;
#Jovial (Skt. ''hāsya''; Wyl. ''dgod pa'') on account of their smiles and bursts of laughter (ha ha'i sgra);
#Fierce (Skt. ''raudra''; Wyl. ''drag shul'') on account of their thunderous exclamation of hi hi and hūṃ phaṭ;
#Fearsome (Skt. ''bhayānaka''; Wyl. '' 'jigs su rung ba'') on account of the gnashing of their teeth, the bowing of their heads, and the brandishing of their weapons;
#Compassionate (Skt. ''karuṇā''; Wyl.  ''snying rje'') on account of the blinking of their red eyes and their youthfulness;
#Awesome (Skt. ''adbhūta''; Wyl.  ''rngam pa'') on account of the radiance of their faces and their clicking of the palate; and
#Peaceful (Skt. ''śānta''; Wyl. ''zhi ba'') on account of their supple, slender, and gentle eyes that are focused on the tip of the nose.<ref>See Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Taye. The Treasury of Knowledge, Book Six, Parts One and Two: Indo-Tibetan Classical Learning and Buddhist Phenomenology. Edited by Gyurme Dorje. Translated by Gyurme Dorje. Boston, MA: Snow Lion, 2013: page 213</ref>
 
A slightly different list, as found for example in the [[Palchen Düpa]] sadhana is as follows:


The three of the body are:
The three of the body are:


#enticing/seductive/captivating ( Skt. ''lāsya''; Wyl. ''sgeg pa'')
#enticing/seductive/captivating (Wyl. ''sgeg pa'')
#heroic (Skt. ''vīra''; Wyl. ''dpa' ba'')
#heroic (Wyl. ''dpa' ba'')
#terrifying/ferocious (Wyl. '''jigs su rung ba'')
#terrifying/ferocious (Wyl. '''jigs su rung ba'')


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#menacing laughter (Wyl. ''rgod pa'')
#menacing laughter (Wyl. ''rgod pa'')
#harsh and threatening/stern (Wyl. ''gshe ba'')
#harsh and threatening/stern (Wyl. ''gshe ba'')
#ferocious/wrathful and thunderous ( Skt. ''ūgra''; Wyl. ''drag shul'')
#ferocious/wrathful and thunderous (Wyl. ''drag shul'')


The three of the mind are:
The three of the mind are:


#compassion (Skt. ''kāruṇika''; Wyl. ''snying rje'')
#compassion (Wyl. ''snying rje'')
#yearning (to tame others)/magnificent power ( Skt. ''adbhūta''; Wyl. ''rngams pa'')
#yearning (to tame others)/magnificent power (Wyl. ''rngams pa'')
#peace/tranquility (Skt. ''śānti''; Wyl. ''zhi ba'')
#peace/tranquillity (Wyl. ''zhi ba'')


==Alternative translations==
==Alternative translations==
*Dramatic sentiments
*Dramatic sentiments
*Dramatic airs (Gyurme Dorje, Treasury of Knowledge book 6)
*Dramatic airs (Gyurme Dorje, ''Treasury of Knowledge'' book 6)
*Emotions of drama (Farrow and Menon, Concealed Essence of Hevajra Tantra)
*Emotions of drama (Farrow and Menon, ''Concealed Essence of Hevajra Tantra'')
*Moods of dance
*Utilizations of dance


==Notes==
==Notes==

Latest revision as of 11:22, 19 January 2024

Nine demeanours (or styles) of a wrathful deity (Skt. navanāṭyarasa; Tib. གར་གྱི་ཉམས་དགུ, gar gyi nyam gu, Wyl. gar gyi nyams dgu) — there are three of the body, three of the speech and three of the mind.[1]. Some lists differ slightly from each other.

Jamgön Kongtrul says in his Treasury of Knowledge

  1. Graceful (Skt. śṛṅgāra; Wyl. sgeg pa) on account of their ornaments and radiance;
  2. Heroic (Skt. vīra; Wyl. dpa' ba) on account of their display of dignity;
  3. Ugly (Skt. bībhatsa; Wyl. mi sdugpa) on account of their menacing stares and frowns;
  4. Jovial (Skt. hāsya; Wyl. dgod pa) on account of their smiles and bursts of laughter (ha ha'i sgra);
  5. Fierce (Skt. raudra; Wyl. drag shul) on account of their thunderous exclamation of hi hi and hūṃ phaṭ;
  6. Fearsome (Skt. bhayānaka; Wyl. 'jigs su rung ba) on account of the gnashing of their teeth, the bowing of their heads, and the brandishing of their weapons;
  7. Compassionate (Skt. karuṇā; Wyl. snying rje) on account of the blinking of their red eyes and their youthfulness;
  8. Awesome (Skt. adbhūta; Wyl. rngam pa) on account of the radiance of their faces and their clicking of the palate; and
  9. Peaceful (Skt. śānta; Wyl. zhi ba) on account of their supple, slender, and gentle eyes that are focused on the tip of the nose.[2]

A slightly different list, as found for example in the Palchen Düpa sadhana is as follows:

The three of the body are:

  1. enticing/seductive/captivating (Wyl. sgeg pa)
  2. heroic (Wyl. dpa' ba)
  3. terrifying/ferocious (Wyl. 'jigs su rung ba)

The three of the speech are:

  1. menacing laughter (Wyl. rgod pa)
  2. harsh and threatening/stern (Wyl. gshe ba)
  3. ferocious/wrathful and thunderous (Wyl. drag shul)

The three of the mind are:

  1. compassion (Wyl. snying rje)
  2. yearning (to tame others)/magnificent power (Wyl. rngams pa)
  3. peace/tranquillity (Wyl. zhi ba)

Alternative translations

  • Dramatic sentiments
  • Dramatic airs (Gyurme Dorje, Treasury of Knowledge book 6)
  • Emotions of drama (Farrow and Menon, Concealed Essence of Hevajra Tantra)
  • Moods of dance
  • Utilizations of dance

Notes

  1. ↑ One source for these nine demeanours is the Hevajra Tantra, 2nd segment, chapter 5, v. 26. (Tib. སྒེག་ཅིང་དཔའ་བོ་མི་སྡུག་པ། །རྒོད་ཅིང་དྲག་ཤུལ་འཇིགས་རུང་བ། །སྙིང་རྗེ་རྔམ་དང་ཞི་བ་ཡིས། །གར་དགུའི་རོ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཉིད།)
  2. ↑ See Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Taye. The Treasury of Knowledge, Book Six, Parts One and Two: Indo-Tibetan Classical Learning and Buddhist Phenomenology. Edited by Gyurme Dorje. Translated by Gyurme Dorje. Boston, MA: Snow Lion, 2013: page 213
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