Question particle, differentiating and including particle, འབྱེད་སྡུད་: Difference between revisions
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===Question particle, differentiating and including particle, འབྱེད་སྡུད་=== | ===Question particle, differentiating and including particle, འབྱེད་སྡུད་=== | ||
This particle after a clause can mark a question or mean "or" or "and". | This particle after a clause can mark a question or mean "or" or "and". | ||
====Spelling==== | |||
{{grule|The final letter of the last word is duplicated and placed as an extra syllable with an added མ་.}}<br> | |||
* E.g. {{gtib|རྟག་གམ།}}, {{gtib|བྱུང་ངམ།}}, {{gtib|ཡོད་དམ།}}, {{gtib|ཡིན་ནམ།}}, {{gtib|ཁྱབ་བམ།}}, {{gtib|སྒོམ་མམ།}}, {{gtib|ཕྱིར་རམ།}}, {{gtib|འབྲལ་ལམ།}}, {{gtib|བྱས་སམ།}}, {{gtib|གྱུརད་ཏམ།}}. | |||
In the case of the final letter {{gtib|འ་}} the {{gtib|མ་}} is added to the {{gtib|འ་}} of the word without a duplicated letter. | |||
* E.g. {{gtib|འདའ་}} and {{gtib|འམ་}} becomes {{gtib|འདའམ།}}. | |||
In the case of no postfix letter, {{gtib|མཐའ་མེད་}}, an {{gtib|འམ་}} is added to the word or added separately. | |||
* E.g. {{gtib|བྱ་}} and {{gtib|འམ་}} becomes {{gtib|བྱའམ།}} or {{gtib|བྱ་འམ།}}. | |||
Note: {{gtib|ནམ་}} when coming before the verb can also be the temporal qualifier or interrogative "when" or "When?". | |||
====Question==== | |||
{{gsample|མི་དེ་དགྲ་ཡིན་ནམ།|person that enemy is "?"|Is that person [an] enemy?}} | |||
===="or" or "and"==== | |||
{{gsample|ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ལས་དགེ་བའམ་མི་དགེ་བ་|defiled karma virtues non-virtues|defiled karma, either virtues or non-virtues,... defiled karma, be it virtues or non-virtues...}}<br> | |||
{{gsample|བདེ་བའམ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལམ་བཏང་སྙོམས་སུ་མྱོང་བའི་ཚོར་བ་འབྱུང་སྟེ།|happiness suffering neutral experience sensation arise|The sensation of the experience of well-being or the experience of suffering or a neutral experience will arise.}} | |||
[[Category:Tibetan Grammar]][[Category:Syntactic Particles]] | [[Category:Tibetan Grammar]][[Category:Syntactic Particles]] |
Latest revision as of 06:25, 25 April 2011
WORK IN PROGRESS: the grammar articles are being edited for wiki publication. During editing, the content might be incomplete, out of sequence or even misleading.
Articles on Tibetan Grammar |
1. Introduction |
2. Formation of the Tibetan Syllable |
3. Formation of the Tibetan Word |
4. First case: ming tsam |
5. agentive particle |
6. Connective Particle |
7. La don particles |
8. La don particles—Notes |
9. Originative case |
10. Verbs |
11. Verbs—Notes |
12. Syntactic particles |
by Stefan J. E.
- Chapter overview: Tibetan Grammar - Syntactic particles
Question particle, differentiating and including particle, འབྱེད་སྡུད་
This particle after a clause can mark a question or mean "or" or "and".
Spelling
The final letter of the last word is duplicated and placed as an extra syllable with an added མ་. |
- E.g. རྟག་གམ།, བྱུང་ངམ།, ཡོད་དམ།, ཡིན་ནམ།, ཁྱབ་བམ།, སྒོམ་མམ།, ཕྱིར་རམ།, འབྲལ་ལམ།, བྱས་སམ།, གྱུརད་ཏམ།.
In the case of the final letter འ་ the མ་ is added to the འ་ of the word without a duplicated letter.
- E.g. འདའ་ and འམ་ becomes འདའམ།.
In the case of no postfix letter, མཐའ་མེད་, an འམ་ is added to the word or added separately.
- E.g. བྱ་ and འམ་ becomes བྱའམ། or བྱ་འམ།.
Note: ནམ་ when coming before the verb can also be the temporal qualifier or interrogative "when" or "When?".
Question
མི་དེ་དགྲ་ཡིན་ནམ། |
person that enemy is "?" |
Is that person [an] enemy? |
"or" or "and"
ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ལས་དགེ་བའམ་མི་དགེ་བ་ |
defiled karma virtues non-virtues |
defiled karma, either virtues or non-virtues,... defiled karma, be it virtues or non-virtues... |
བདེ་བའམ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལམ་བཏང་སྙོམས་སུ་མྱོང་བའི་ཚོར་བ་འབྱུང་སྟེ། |
happiness suffering neutral experience sensation arise |
The sensation of the experience of well-being or the experience of suffering or a neutral experience will arise. |