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'''Sixteen Aspects of the [[Four Noble Truths]]''' (Tib. [[བདེན་པ་བཞིའི་རྣམ་པ་བཅུ་དྲུག་]], [[Wyl.]] ''bden pa bzhi'i rnam pa bcu drug'', or ''bdag med rnam pa bcu drug'' or ''bden chung bcu drug'')</noinclude>
'''Sixteen Aspects of the [[Four Noble Truths]]''' (Tib. [[བདེན་པ་བཞིའི་རྣམ་པ་བཅུ་དྲུག་]], [[Wyl.]] ''bden pa bzhi'i rnam pa bcu drug'', or ''bdag med rnam pa bcu drug'' or ''bden chung bcu drug'')</noinclude>


'''[[Suffering]]'''<br>
'''Suffering'''<br>
1. Suffering (Skt. ''duḥkha''; Tib. [[སྡུག་བསྔལ་བ་]])<br>
1. [[Suffering]] (Skt. ''duḥkha''; Tib. [[སྡུག་བསྔལ་བ་]])<br>
2. [[Impermanence]] (Skt. ''anitya''; Tib. [[མི་རྟག་པ་]])<br>
2. [[Impermanence]] (Skt. ''anitya''; Tib. [[མི་རྟག་པ་]])<br>
3. [[Emptiness]] (Skt. ''śūnyatā''; Tib. [[སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་]])<br>
3. [[Emptiness]] (Skt. ''śūnyatā''; Tib. [[སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་]])<br>
4. [[Selflessness]] (Skt. ''anātmaka''; Tib. [[བདག་མེད་པ་]])<br>
4. [[Selflessness]] (Skt. ''anātmaka''; Tib. [[བདག་མེད་པ་]])<br>


'''[[Origination]]'''<br>
'''Origination'''<br>
5. Cause (Skt. ''hetu''; Tib. [[རྒྱུ་]])<br>
5. Cause (Skt. ''hetu''; Tib. [[རྒྱུ་]])<br>
6. Origination (Skt.''samudaya''; Tib. [[ཀུན་འབྱུང་]])<br>
6. [[Origination]] (Skt.''samudaya''; Tib. [[ཀུན་འབྱུང་]])<br>
7. Intense Arising (Skt. ''prabhava''; Tib. [[རབ་སྐྱེས་]])<br>
7. Intense Arising (Skt. ''prabhava''; Tib. [[རབ་སྐྱེས་]])<br>
8. Condition (Skt. ''pratyaya''; Tib. [[རྐྱེན་]])<br>
8. Condition (Skt. ''pratyaya''; Tib. [[རྐྱེན་]])<br>


'''[[Cessation]]'''<br>
'''Cessation'''<br>
9. Peace (Skt. ''śānta''; Tib. [[ཞི་བ་]])<br>
9. Peace (Skt. ''śānta''; Tib. [[ཞི་བ་]])<br>
10. Cessation (Skt. ''nirodha''; Tib. [[འགོག་པ་]])<br>
10. [[Cessation]] (Skt. ''nirodha''; Tib. [[འགོག་པ་]])<br>
11. Perfection (Skt. ''praṇīta''; Tib. [[གྱ་ནོམ་པ་]])<br>
11. Perfection (Skt. ''praṇīta''; Tib. [[གྱ་ནོམ་པ་]])<br>
12. True Deliverance (Skt. ''niḥsaraṇa''; Tib. [[ངེས་འབྱུང་]], Wyl. ''nges 'byung'')<br>
12. True Deliverance (Skt. ''niḥsaraṇa''; Tib. [[ངེས་འབྱུང་]], Wyl. ''nges 'byung'')<br>


'''[[Path]]'''<br>
'''Path'''<br>
13. Path (Skt. ''mārga''; Tib. [[ལམ་]])<br>
13. [[Path]] (Skt. ''mārga''; Tib. [[ལམ་]])<br>
14. Appropriate (Skt. ''nyāya''; Tib. [[རིགས་པ་]])<br>
14. Appropriate (Skt. ''nyāya''; Tib. [[རིགས་པ་]])<br>
15. Effective (Skt. ''pratipatti''; Tib. [[སྒྲུབས་པ་]])<br>
15. Effective (Skt. ''pratipatti''; Tib. [[སྒྲུབས་པ་]])<br>

Revision as of 14:19, 10 February 2019

Buddha turning the Wheel of Dharma for the first time

Sixteen Aspects of the Four Noble Truths (Tib. བདེན་པ་བཞིའི་རྣམ་པ་བཅུ་དྲུག་, Wyl. bden pa bzhi'i rnam pa bcu drug, or bdag med rnam pa bcu drug or bden chung bcu drug)

Suffering
1. Suffering (Skt. duḥkha; Tib. སྡུག་བསྔལ་བ་)
2. Impermanence (Skt. anitya; Tib. མི་རྟག་པ་)
3. Emptiness (Skt. śūnyatā; Tib. སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་)
4. Selflessness (Skt. anātmaka; Tib. བདག་མེད་པ་)

Origination
5. Cause (Skt. hetu; Tib. རྒྱུ་)
6. Origination (Skt.samudaya; Tib. ཀུན་འབྱུང་)
7. Intense Arising (Skt. prabhava; Tib. རབ་སྐྱེས་)
8. Condition (Skt. pratyaya; Tib. རྐྱེན་)

Cessation
9. Peace (Skt. śānta; Tib. ཞི་བ་)
10. Cessation (Skt. nirodha; Tib. འགོག་པ་)
11. Perfection (Skt. praṇīta; Tib. གྱ་ནོམ་པ་)
12. True Deliverance (Skt. niḥsaraṇa; Tib. ངེས་འབྱུང་, Wyl. nges 'byung)

Path
13. Path (Skt. mārga; Tib. ལམ་)
14. Appropriate (Skt. nyāya; Tib. རིགས་པ་)
15. Effective (Skt. pratipatti; Tib. སྒྲུབས་པ་)
16. Truly Delivering (Skt. nairyāṇika; Tib. ངེས་འབྱིན་པ་)

The Sixteen Aspects as Remedies for Wrong Views

In his General Topics commentary on the Abhisamayalankara, Patrul Rinpoche explains:
You may wonder why there are sixteen aspects. The first four are the remedies for engaging in the views of permanence, bliss, mine, and self respectively. The second four are the remedies for the views of there being no cause, a single cause, transformation, and premeditation. The third four are the remedies for the views of thinking that there is no liberation, that suffering is liberation, that the bliss of the dhyānas is perfection, and that liberation is not absolutely irreversible. The fourth four are the remedies for the views of thinking that there is no path, that this path is bad, that there are other paths, and that this path is also reversible. Therefore, because of these sixteen wrong views, there are sixteen aspects.

Further Reading

External Links

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