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[[Image:Four Continents.jpg|frame|]] | [[Image:Four Continents.jpg|frame|'''An illustration of our world system''']] | ||
'''Four continents''' ([[Wyl.]] ''gling bzhi'') — the four island-continents (Skt. ''dvīpa''; Wyl. ''gling'') which surround [[Mount Meru]] according to the cosmology of the [[Abhidharma]]. They are: | '''Four continents''' ([[Wyl.]] ''gling bzhi'') — the four island-continents (Skt. ''dvīpa''; Wyl. ''gling'') which surround [[Mount Meru]] according to the cosmology of the [[Abhidharma]]. They are: | ||
#Purva Videha (Skt. ''Pūrvavideha''; Tib. ''Lüpakpo''; Wyl. ''lus 'phags po'') in the East, which is semi-circular | #Purva Videha (Skt. ''Pūrvavideha''; Tib. ''Lüpakpo''; Wyl. ''lus 'phags po''; Eng. 'Surpassing the Body') in the East, which is semi-circular and white in colour; | ||
#[[Jambudvipa]] (Skt. ''Jambudvīpa''; Tib. ''Dzambuling'') in the South, which is trapezoidal | #[[Jambudvipa]] (Skt. ''Jambudvīpa''; Tib. ''Dzambuling''; Wyl. ''‘dzam bu gling''; Eng. 'Rose-Apple Continent') in the South, which is trapezoidal and blue (this is the continent we human beings live in); | ||
#Aparagodaniya (Skt.; Tib. ''Balangchö''; Wyl. ''ba lang spyod'') in the West, which is circular | #Aparagodaniya (Skt.; Tib. ''Balangchö''; Wyl. ''ba lang spyod''; Eng. 'Enjoyer of Cattle') in the West, which is circular and ruby red; and | ||
#Uttarakura (Skt.; Tib. ''Draminyen''; Wyl. ''sgra mi snyan'') in the North, which is square | #Uttarakura (Skt.; Tib. ''Draminyen''; Wyl. ''sgra mi snyan''; Eng. 'Unpleasant Sound') in the North, which is square and green. | ||
Each of the four continents is flanked by two subcontinents (Skt. ''kṣudradvīpāni''; Wyl. ''gling phreng'') of the same shape (see [[eight subcontinents]]). | Each of the four continents is flanked by two subcontinents (Skt. ''kṣudradvīpāni''; Wyl. ''gling phreng'') of the same shape (see [[eight subcontinents]]). | ||
Apart from the [[Chamara]] subcontinent of Jambudvipa, which is inhabited by [[rakshasa]] demons, all the other island-continents are inhabited by [[human beings]] of different characteristics, life styles and life-spans. Each continent also has a specific attribute (see [[four attributes of the four continents]]). | |||
==Further Reading== | |||
*[[Jamgön Kongtrul]], ''Myriad Worlds'' (Ithaca: Snow Lion, 1995), pages 110-113. | |||
[[Category:Three Realms]] | [[Category:Three Realms]] | ||
Revision as of 13:48, 18 July 2009
Four continents (Wyl. gling bzhi) — the four island-continents (Skt. dvīpa; Wyl. gling) which surround Mount Meru according to the cosmology of the Abhidharma. They are:
- Purva Videha (Skt. Pūrvavideha; Tib. Lüpakpo; Wyl. lus 'phags po; Eng. 'Surpassing the Body') in the East, which is semi-circular and white in colour;
- Jambudvipa (Skt. Jambudvīpa; Tib. Dzambuling; Wyl. ‘dzam bu gling; Eng. 'Rose-Apple Continent') in the South, which is trapezoidal and blue (this is the continent we human beings live in);
- Aparagodaniya (Skt.; Tib. Balangchö; Wyl. ba lang spyod; Eng. 'Enjoyer of Cattle') in the West, which is circular and ruby red; and
- Uttarakura (Skt.; Tib. Draminyen; Wyl. sgra mi snyan; Eng. 'Unpleasant Sound') in the North, which is square and green.
Each of the four continents is flanked by two subcontinents (Skt. kṣudradvīpāni; Wyl. gling phreng) of the same shape (see eight subcontinents).
Apart from the Chamara subcontinent of Jambudvipa, which is inhabited by rakshasa demons, all the other island-continents are inhabited by human beings of different characteristics, life styles and life-spans. Each continent also has a specific attribute (see four attributes of the four continents).
Further Reading
- Jamgön Kongtrul, Myriad Worlds (Ithaca: Snow Lion, 1995), pages 110-113.