Fifty-one mental states: Difference between revisions
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'''Fifty-one mental states''' or factors (Skt. ''ekapañcāśaccaitasika''; Tib. ''semjung ngabchu tsachik''; [[Wyl.]] ''sems byung lnga bcu rtsa gcig'') as mentioned in the [[Abhidharma]] teachings. | '''Fifty-one mental states''' or factors (Skt. ''ekapañcāśaccaitasika''; Tib. སེམས་བྱུང་ལྔ་བཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་, ''semjung ngabchu tsachik''; [[Wyl.]] ''sems byung lnga bcu rtsa gcig'') as mentioned in the [[Abhidharma]] teachings. | ||
===[[Five ever-present mental states|Five ever-present factors]] (''kun ‘gro lnga'')=== | ===[[Five ever-present mental states|Five ever-present factors]] (Tib. [[ཀུན་འགྲོ་ལྔ་]], ''kun ‘gro lnga'')=== | ||
#Sensation (Skt. ''vedanā''; Wyl. ''tshor ba'') | #Sensation (Skt. ''vedanā''; Tib. [[ཚོར་བ་]], Wyl. ''tshor ba'') | ||
#Perception (Skt. ''saṃjña''; Wyl. ''‘du shes'') | #Perception (Skt. ''saṃjña''; Tib. [[འདུ་ཤེས་]], Wyl. ''‘du shes'') | ||
#Intention (Skt. ''cetanā''; Wyl. ''sems pa'') | #Intention (Skt. ''cetanā''; Tib. [[སེམས་པ་]], Wyl. ''sems pa'') | ||
#Contact (Skt. ''sparśa''; Wyl. ''reg pa'') | #Contact (Skt. ''sparśa''; Tib. [[རེག་པ་]], Wyl. ''reg pa'') | ||
#Attention (Skt. ''manaskāra''; Wyl. ''yid byed'') | #Attention (Skt. ''manaskāra''; Tib. [[ཡིད་བྱེད་]], Wyl. ''yid byed'') | ||
===[[Five object-determining mental states|Five object-determining factors]] (''yul nges lnga'')=== | ===[[Five object-determining mental states|Five object-determining factors]] (Tib. [[ཡུལ་ངེས་ལྔ་]], ''yul nges lnga'')=== | ||
#Interest (Skt. ''chanda''; Wyl. ''‘dun pa'') | #Interest (Skt. ''chanda''; Tib. [[འདུན་པ་]], Wyl. ''‘dun pa'') | ||
#Appreciation (Skt. ''adhimokṣa''; Wyl. ''mos pa'') | #Appreciation (Skt. ''adhimokṣa''; Tib. [[མོས་པ་]], Wyl. ''mos pa'') | ||
#Mindfulness (Skt. ''smṛti''; Wyl. ''dran pa'') | #Mindfulness (Skt. ''smṛti''; Tib. [[དྲན་པ་]], Wyl. ''dran pa'') | ||
#Concentration (Skt. ''samādhi''; Wyl. ''ting ‘dzin'') | #Concentration (Skt. ''samādhi''; Tib. [[ཏིང་འཛིན་]], Wyl. ''ting ‘dzin'') | ||
#Intelligence (Skt. ''prajñā''; Wyl. ''shes rab'') | #Intelligence (Skt. ''prajñā''; Tib. [[ཤེས་རབ་]], Wyl. ''shes rab'') | ||
===[[Eleven virtuous states]] (''dge ba’i sems byung bcu gcig'')=== | ===[[Eleven virtuous states]] (Tib. [[འགེ་བའི་སེམས་བྱུང་བཅུ་གཅིག་]], ''dge ba’i sems byung bcu gcig'')=== | ||
{{:Eleven virtuous states}} | {{:Eleven virtuous states}} | ||
===[[Six root destructive emotions]] (''rtsa nyon drug'')=== | ===[[Six root destructive emotions]] (Tib. [[རྩ་ཉོན་དྲུག་]], ''rtsa nyon drug'')=== | ||
{{:Six root destructive emotions}} | {{:Six root destructive emotions}} | ||
When the last state of beliefs or 'views' is divided into the [[five wrong views]], there are [[fifty-five mental states]] in total. | When the last state of beliefs or 'views' is divided into the [[five wrong views]], there are [[fifty-five mental states]] in total. | ||
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{{:Twenty subsidiary destructive emotions}} | {{:Twenty subsidiary destructive emotions}} | ||
===[[Four variables]] (''gzhan ‘gyur bzhi'')=== | ===[[Four variables]] (Tib. [[གཞན་འགྱུར་བཞི་]], ''gzhan ‘gyur bzhi'')=== | ||
#sleep (Skt. ''middha''; Wyl. ''gnyid'') | #sleep (Skt. ''middha''; Tib. [[གཉིད་]], Wyl. ''gnyid'') | ||
#regret (Skt. ''kaukṛtya''; Wyl. ''‘gyod pa'') | #regret (Skt. ''kaukṛtya''; Tib. [[འགྱོད་པ་]], Wyl. ''‘gyod pa'') | ||
#conception (Skt. ''vitarka''; Wyl. ''rtog pa'') | #conception (Skt. ''vitarka''; Tib. [[རྟོག་པ་]], Wyl. ''rtog pa'') | ||
#discernment (Skt. ''vicāra''; Wyl. ''dpyod pa'') | #discernment (Skt. ''vicāra''; Tib. [[དཔྱོད་པ་]], Wyl. ''dpyod pa'') | ||
==Further Reading== | ==Further Reading== |
Revision as of 16:36, 4 March 2011
Fifty-one mental states or factors (Skt. ekapañcāśaccaitasika; Tib. སེམས་བྱུང་ལྔ་བཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་, semjung ngabchu tsachik; Wyl. sems byung lnga bcu rtsa gcig) as mentioned in the Abhidharma teachings.
Five ever-present factors (Tib. ཀུན་འགྲོ་ལྔ་, kun ‘gro lnga)
- Sensation (Skt. vedanā; Tib. ཚོར་བ་, Wyl. tshor ba)
- Perception (Skt. saṃjña; Tib. འདུ་ཤེས་, Wyl. ‘du shes)
- Intention (Skt. cetanā; Tib. སེམས་པ་, Wyl. sems pa)
- Contact (Skt. sparśa; Tib. རེག་པ་, Wyl. reg pa)
- Attention (Skt. manaskāra; Tib. ཡིད་བྱེད་, Wyl. yid byed)
Five object-determining factors (Tib. ཡུལ་ངེས་ལྔ་, yul nges lnga)
- Interest (Skt. chanda; Tib. འདུན་པ་, Wyl. ‘dun pa)
- Appreciation (Skt. adhimokṣa; Tib. མོས་པ་, Wyl. mos pa)
- Mindfulness (Skt. smṛti; Tib. དྲན་པ་, Wyl. dran pa)
- Concentration (Skt. samādhi; Tib. ཏིང་འཛིན་, Wyl. ting ‘dzin)
- Intelligence (Skt. prajñā; Tib. ཤེས་རབ་, Wyl. shes rab)
Eleven virtuous states (Tib. འགེ་བའི་སེམས་བྱུང་བཅུ་གཅིག་, dge ba’i sems byung bcu gcig)
- Faith (Skt. śraddhā; Tib. དད་པ་)
- Dignity (Skt. hri; Tib. ངོ་ཚ་ཤེས་པ་)
- Propriety (Skt. apatrāpya; Tib. ཁྲེལ་ཡོད་པ་)
- Nonattachment (Skt. alobha; Tib. མ་ཆགས་པ་)
- Nonaggression (Skt. adveṣa; Tib. ཞེས་སྡང་མེད་པ་)
- Nondelusion (Skt. amoha; Tib. གཏི་མུག་མེད་པ་)
- Diligence (Skt. vīrya; Tib. བརྩོན་འགྲུས་)
- Pliancy or flexibility (Skt. praśrabdhi; Tib. ཤིན་ཏུ་སྦྱང་བ་)
- Conscientiousness (Skt. apramāda; Tib. བག་ཡོད་པ་)
- Equanimity or evenness (Skt. upekṣā; Tib. བཏང་སྙོམས་)
- Nonviolence (Skt. avihiṃsā; Tib. རྣམ་པར་མི་འཚེ་བ་)
Six root destructive emotions (Tib. རྩ་ཉོན་དྲུག་, rtsa nyon drug)
- Ignorance (Skt. avidyā; Tib. མ་རིག་པ་)
- Desire (Skt. rāga; Tib. འདོད་ཆགས་)
- Anger (Skt. pratigha; Tib. ཁོང་ཁྲོ་)
- Pride (Skt. māna; Tib. ང་རྒྱལ་)
- Doubt (Skt. vicikitsā; Tib. ཐེ་ཚོམ་)
- Beliefs (Skt. dṛṣṭi; Tib. ལྟ་བ་)
When the last state of beliefs or 'views' is divided into the five wrong views, there are fifty-five mental states in total.
Twenty subsidiary destructive emotions (nye nyon nyi shu)
- Rage (Skt. krodha; Tib. ཁྲོ་བ་, Wyl. khro ba)
- Resentment (Skt. upanāha; Tib. འཁོན་དུ་འཛིན་པ་, Wyl. ‘khon du ‘dzin pa)
- Spitefulness (Skt. pradāśa; Tib. འཚིག་པ་, Wyl. ‘tshig pa)
- Cruelty (Skt. vihiṃsā; Tib. རྣམ་པར་འཚེ་བ་, Wyl. rnam par ‘tshe ba)
- Envy (Skt. īrśya; Tib. ཕྲག་དོག་, Wyl. phrag dog)
- Deception (Skt. śāṭhya; Tib. གཡོ་, Wyl. g.yo)
- Pretension (Skt. māyā; Tib. སྒྱུ་, Wyl. sgyu)
- Lack of shame (Skt. āhrīkya; Tib. ངོ་ཚ་མེད་པ་, Wyl. ngo tsha med pa)
- Disregard (Skt. anapatatrāpya; Tib. ཁྲེལ་མེད་པ་, Wyl. khrel med pa)
- Concealment (Skt. mrakśa; Tib. འཆབ་པ་, Wyl. ‘chab pa)
- Miserliness (Skt. mātsarya; Tib. སེར་སྣ་, Wyl. ser sna)
- Self-satisfaction (Skt. mada; Tib. རྒྱགས་པ་, Wyl. rgyags pa)
- Lack of faith (Skt. āśraddhya; Tib. མ་དད་པ་, Wyl. ma dad pa)
- Laziness (Skt. kausīdya; Tib. ལེ་ལོ་, Wyl. le lo)
- Carelessness (Skt. pramāda; Tib. བག་མེད་པ་, Wyl. bag med pa)
- Forgetfulness (Skt. muṣitasmṛtitā; Tib. བརྗེད་ངས་, Wyl. brjed ngas)
- Inattention (Skt. asaṃprajanya; Tib. ཤེས་བཞིན་མིན་པ་, Wyl. shes bzhin min pa)
- Lethargy (Skt. styāna; Tib. རྨུག་པ་, Wyl. rmug pa)
- Excitement (Skt. auddhatya; Tib. རྒོད་པ་, Wyl. rgod pa)
- Distraction (Skt. vikṣepa; Tib. རྣམ་པར་གཡེང་བ་, Wyl. rnam par g.yeng ba)
Four variables (Tib. གཞན་འགྱུར་བཞི་, gzhan ‘gyur bzhi)
- sleep (Skt. middha; Tib. གཉིད་, Wyl. gnyid)
- regret (Skt. kaukṛtya; Tib. འགྱོད་པ་, Wyl. ‘gyod pa)
- conception (Skt. vitarka; Tib. རྟོག་པ་, Wyl. rtog pa)
- discernment (Skt. vicāra; Tib. དཔྱོད་པ་, Wyl. dpyod pa)
Further Reading
- Herbert V. Guenther & Leslie S. Kawamura, Mind in Buddhist Psychology: A Translation of Ye-shes rgyal-mtshan's "The Necklace of Clear Understanding", (Dharma Publishing, 1975)