Three natures: Difference between revisions
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*Imagined, Other-dependent & Consummate (Jay L. Garfield) | *Imagined, Other-dependent & Consummate (Jay L. Garfield) | ||
*Imputation, Dependence & the Absolute ([[Lama Chökyi Nyima]]) | *Imputation, Dependence & the Absolute ([[Lama Chökyi Nyima]]) | ||
==Canonical Literature== | |||
*[[Samdhinirmochana Sutra]], chapter 5 | |||
==Further Reading== | ==Further Reading== | ||
Revision as of 18:33, 9 December 2018
Three natures (Skt. trilakṣana or trisvabhāva; Tib. མཚན་ཉིད་གསུམ, tsennyi sum, or རང་བཞིན་གསུམ་, rangshyin sum; Wyl. mtshan nyid gsum or rang bzhin gsum) — the three categories into which the followers of the Mind Only school divide all phenomena:
- Imputed (Skt. parikalpita; Tib. ཀུན་བརྟགས་, Wyl. kun btags)
- Dependent (Skt. paratantra; Tib. གཞན་དབང་, Wyl. gzhan dbang)
- Truly Existent (Skt. pariniṣpanna; Tib. ཡོངས་གྲུབ་, Wyl. yongs grub)
Alternative Translations
- Imaginary, Other-dependent & Perfect (Karl Brunnhölzl)
- Imagined, Other-dependent & Consummate (Jay L. Garfield)
- Imputation, Dependence & the Absolute (Lama Chökyi Nyima)
Canonical Literature
- Samdhinirmochana Sutra, chapter 5
Further Reading
- Garfield, Jay L. 'Vasubandhu's Treatise on the Three Natures' in Empty Words: Buddhist Philosophy and Cross-Cultural Interpretation, Oxford University Press, 2002
- Karr, Andy. Contemplating Reality (Boston: Shambala Publications, 2007), Chapter 9