Three gunas

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Three gunas (Tib. ཡོན་ཏན་གསུམ་, Wyl. yon tan gsum) — mentioned in the Samkhya philosophy:

  1. rajas (Tib. རྡུལ་, Wyl. rdul)
  2. tamas (Tib. མུན་པ་, Wyl. mun pa)
  3. sattva (Tib. སྙིང་སྟོབས་, Wyl. snying stobs)

Translations

  • S. Dasgupta, in his A History of Indian Philosophy, translates sattva as “intelligence stuff”, rajas as “energy-stuff” and tamas as “mass-stuff.”
  • In their translation of the Bodhicharyavatara, the Padmakara Translation Group call sattva “pleasure”, rajas “pain” and tamas “neutrality”.
  • Jeffrey Hopkins translates them more literally as motility or activity (rajas), darkness (tamas) and lightness (sattva).
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