Three modes

The three modes (Tib. ཚུལ་གསུམ་; Wyl. tshul gsum) of a logical argument are as follows:

1. the reason must be a feature of the subject (pakṣadharma; phyogs chos)
2. there must be positive logical pervasion (or positive concomitance or entailment) (anvayavyāpti; rjes khyab)
3. there must be negative logical pervasion (or negative concomitance) (vyatirekavyāpti; ldog khyab)

Alternative Translations

• Threefold criteria