Newar

The Newar are the people of the Kathmandu valley. Rather than a group defined by ethnicity or race, the Newar are people from diverse ethnic, social and geographical origins who have all come, over the course of time, to share the same language, culture and homeland, the Kathmandu Valley. They have been famous for their craftsmanship. Their religions are Hinduism and Buddhism which have coexisted peacefully for hundreds of years.

Newar Buddhism is a specific form of Vajrayana, different from Tibetan Buddhism, or tantric Japanese practices. At the end of the first millennium, and during the early part of the last millennium, Newar Buddhism was completely dominated by the Tantrayana teachings, and it evolved from Hinayana and Mahayana to Vajrayana. In terms of social structure the society was dominated by the Hindu community. The impact of the bihas and the Buddhist devotees was such that monks got married and the monastic lineage and tradition died out, while the sangha became a patrilineal descent group. The biha became the hereditary property of a caste known as Bare or Sakyas. Some of their members take the initiation to become Vajracharyas, the Newar Buddhist priests. During the 17th century, Buddhism became very weak, and continued to wane. Nowadays, because of the sharp decline in scholasticism, Buddhist families go to the biha to ask the Vajracharya caste members to perform rituals such as ablution, recitation and so on, much in the same way as is done in Hinduism. Newar Buddhism takes on many of the forms of Hinduism. In the Golden Temple in Patan for example, Buddhists are asked not to walk the main courtyard with leather shoes, as in many Hindu temples where one is not allowed to enter wearing leather, since cows are considered sacred.