Tibetan Grammar - originative case: Difference between revisions
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====Forming instrumental postpositions==== | ====Forming instrumental postpositions==== | ||
* See also [[1.5]] | * See also [[1.5]] | ||
door | {{gsample|སྒོ་ནས་|door|by means of, from the point of view, from the approach of, through, by}}<br> | ||
by means of | {{gfverb|བརྩོན་པ།|བརྩོན་པ།|བརྩོན་པ།|བརྩོན།|''v.t.''|ཐ་དད་པ་}} | ||
{{gsample|ལུས་ངག་ཡིད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་དགེ་བ་ལ་བརྩོན།|body speech mind virtue exert ''(see [[verb class]])''||to pursue for virtue by means of body speech and mind}} | |||
===Inclusion—only ནས་=== | |||
* Tibetan grammatical term: {{gtib|སྡུད་པ་}} | |||
For all the following usages under in this section, only {{gtib|ནས་}} is used. | |||
====Temporal beginning, succession==== | |||
{{gfverb|ཤི་བ།|འཆི་བ།|འཆི་བ།||to die|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
{{gsample|ཞག་གསུམ་ནས་འཆི་བར་འགྱུར།|day three after die auxiliary|after the third day [he] will die}}<br> | |||
{{gsample| | {{gsample|ཞག་འགའ་ནས་|day few after|after a few days}} | ||
day | |||
{{ | ====Beginning of a confined sequence or extent of space, time and enumerations==== | ||
=====Space===== | |||
* Tibetan grammatical term in regard to space: {{gtib|ཡུལ་གྱི་མཚམས་འཛིན་ཅིང་སྡུད་པ་}} | |||
{{gsample|རྒྱ་གར་ནས་རྒྱ་ནག་བར་ |India China|from India until China}} | |||
=====Numbers===== | |||
* Tibetan grammatical term in regard to numbers: {{gtib|གྲངས་ཀྱི་མཚམས་འཛིན་ཅིང་སྡུད་པ་}} | |||
{{gsample|གཅིག་ནས་བརྒྱའི་བར་|one hundred|from one to hundred}} | |||
Tibetan grammatical term in regard to | =====Enumerations===== | ||
* Tibetan grammatical term in regard to functional objects: {{gtib|དངོས་པོའི་མཚམས་འཛིན་ཅིང་སྡུད་པ་}}<br> | |||
{{gsample| | {{gsample|མིག་ནས་ཡིད་བར་|eye mind|from the eye up to the mind}}<br> | ||
{{gsample|མ་གི་བསྙེན་གནས་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་པ་ནས་ ཡ་གི་གསང་སྔགས་ཀྱི་སྡོམ་པའི་པར་|lower end precepts of lay ordination eight-fold upper end secret mantra vows of|from the lower end, the eight-fold precepts of lay ordination to the upper end, the vows of the secret mantra}} | |||
=====Time===== | |||
{{gsample|སྐྱེ་བ་ནས་འཆི་བའི་བར་དུ་|birth death|from birth until death}}<br> | |||
{{gsample|མགོ་ནས་མཇུག་གི་བར་{beginning conclusion|from beginning to conclusion}}<br> | |||
{{gfverb|བསྡད་པ།|སྡོད་པ།|བསྡད་པ།|སྡོད།|to stay|''v.i.''|ཐ་མི་དད་པ་}} | |||
{{gsample|ཟླ་བ་དང་པོ་ནས་ཟླ་བ་དྲུག་པའི་བར་དུ་དེར་བསྡད།|month first from month sixth until there stayed|[He] stayed there from first until the sixth month.}} | |||
====Beginning of a confined sequence with negation of the verb==== | |||
* This is mostly translated in to English by "until" while leaving out the negation of the verb. | |||
<!-- | |||
{{gsample|སྐྱེས་ནས་མ་ཤིའི་བར་དུ་ | {{gsample|སྐྱེས་ནས་མ་ཤིའི་བར་དུ་ | ||
{{gfverb|སྐྱེས་པ། སྐྱེ་བ། སྐྱེ་བ། ༼ཐ་མི་དད་པ༽ | {{gfverb|སྐྱེས་པ། སྐྱེ་བ། སྐྱེ་བ། ༼ཐ་མི་དད་པ༽ | ||
Revision as of 09:49, 27 June 2011
WORK IN PROGRESS: the grammar articles are being edited for wiki publication. During editing, the content might be incomplete, out of sequence or even misleading.
| Articles on Tibetan Grammar |
| 1. Introduction |
| 2. Formation of the Tibetan Syllable |
| 3. Formation of the Tibetan Word |
| 4. First case: ming tsam |
| 5. agentive particle |
| 6. Connective Particle |
| 7. La don particles |
| 8. La don particles—Notes |
| 9. Originative case |
| 10. Verbs |
| 11. Verbs—Notes |
| 12. Syntactic particles |
by Stefan J. E.
Originative Case—འབྱུང་ཁུངས་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་: ནས་, ལས་
- Also called: originative particle, source particle, ablative particle.
Independent of verb type
Source, origin, འབྱུང་ཁུངས་, place, substance, person
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| སངས་རྒྱས་ལས་ཆོས་འབྱུང༌། |
| Buddha Dharma originate |
| The Dharma comes from the Buddha. |
| This section contains Tibetan script. Without proper Tibetan rendering support configured, you may see other symbols instead of Tibetan script. |
| བའི་ནུ་མ་ལས་འོ་མ་འབྱུང༌། |
| cow udder milk come |
| The milk comes form the cow's udder. |
| རྒྱ་མཚོ་ལས་ནོར་བུ་འབྱུང༌། |
| ocean jewel originate |
| Jewels originate from the ocean. |
| ||||||||||||
| གནམ་ནས་ཆར་པ་འབབ། |
| sky rain fall |
| Rain falls from the sky. |
| བླ་མའི་ཞལ་ནས་ལེགས་བཤད་བྱུང༌། |
| lama mouth eloquent teaching came |
| The lama gave eloquent teachings. |
| ས་བོན་ལས་མྱུ་གུ་བྱུང༌། |
| seed sprout came |
| The sprout came form the seed. |
| ||||||||||||
| རྟ་ལས་ལྷུང༌། |
| horse fall |
| to fall from the horse |
| སྐས་ཐོག་ནས་བབ། |
| ladder 'on top of' fall |
| fallen from the ladder |
| ལྷ་ས་ནས་མི་དེ་རྣམས་ |
| Lhasa person those |
| those persons from Lhasa |
Originative of reason
- Tibetan grammatical term: རྒྱུ་མཚན་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་འབྱུང་ཁུངས་
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| དུ་བ་མཐོང་བ་ལས་མེ་ཡོད་པར་ཤེས། |
| smoke see fire exist know (transitive grammar)' |
| From seeing smoke (one) knows that fire is there (exist). |
| བུང་བས་ནི་མེ་ཏོག་དྲི་ལས་ཤེས། |
| bee flower smell know |
| The bee knows the flower from the smell. |
| ||||||||||||
| སྐོམ་ནས་འཆི་བ་ |
| thirst die |
| to die from thirst |
Originative of instrument and means
Originative of instrument and means
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| རྩོལ་བ་ལས་ཐོབ། |
| effort attained (transitive grammar)' |
| attained through / from effort |
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| དུང་ནས་བཤད་པ་ |
| conch speak |
| to speak by means of conch |
Forming instrumental postpositions
- See also 1.5
| སྒོ་ནས་ |
| door |
| by means of, from the point of view, from the approach of, through, by |
| ||||||||||||
| ལུས་ངག་ཡིད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་དགེ་བ་ལ་བརྩོན། |
| body speech mind virtue exert (see verb class)' |
Inclusion—only ནས་
- Tibetan grammatical term: སྡུད་པ་
For all the following usages under in this section, only ནས་ is used.
Temporal beginning, succession
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| ཞག་གསུམ་ནས་འཆི་བར་འགྱུར། |
| day three after die auxiliary |
| after the third day [he] will die |
| ཞག་འགའ་ནས་ |
| day few after |
| after a few days |
Beginning of a confined sequence or extent of space, time and enumerations
Space
- Tibetan grammatical term in regard to space: ཡུལ་གྱི་མཚམས་འཛིན་ཅིང་སྡུད་པ་
| རྒྱ་གར་ནས་རྒྱ་ནག་བར་ |
| India China |
| from India until China |
Numbers
- Tibetan grammatical term in regard to numbers: གྲངས་ཀྱི་མཚམས་འཛིན་ཅིང་སྡུད་པ་
| གཅིག་ནས་བརྒྱའི་བར་ |
| one hundred |
| from one to hundred |
Enumerations
- Tibetan grammatical term in regard to functional objects: དངོས་པོའི་མཚམས་འཛིན་ཅིང་སྡུད་པ་
| མིག་ནས་ཡིད་བར་ |
| eye mind |
| from the eye up to the mind |
| མ་གི་བསྙེན་གནས་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་པ་ནས་ ཡ་གི་གསང་སྔགས་ཀྱི་སྡོམ་པའི་པར་ |
| lower end precepts of lay ordination eight-fold upper end secret mantra vows of |
| from the lower end, the eight-fold precepts of lay ordination to the upper end, the vows of the secret mantra |
Time
| སྐྱེ་བ་ནས་འཆི་བའི་བར་དུ་ |
| birth death |
| from birth until death |
| མགོ་ནས་མཇུག་གི་བར་{beginning conclusion |
| from beginning to conclusion |
| {{{3}}} |
| ||||||||||||
| ཟླ་བ་དང་པོ་ནས་ཟླ་བ་དྲུག་པའི་བར་དུ་དེར་བསྡད། |
| month first from month sixth until there stayed |
| [He] stayed there from first until the sixth month. |
Beginning of a confined sequence with negation of the verb
- This is mostly translated in to English by "until" while leaving out the negation of the verb.
[...]
