Sutra

Texts from the Longchen Nyingtik Field of merit

Sutra (Skt. sūtra; Tib. མདོ་, do, Wyl. mdo) — the Sanskrit literally means ‘something that was heard from someone else’ and usually connotes ‘a discourse’.

• It refers to the discourses that the Buddha gave.
• ‘Sutra’, as distinct from ‘tantra’. The entire teachings of the Buddha can be distinguished as either sutra or tantra.
• One of the three collections of the Buddha’s teachings: Vinaya, Sutra (Tib. མདོ་སྡེ་, do de) and Abhidharma. Here, the sutras are related primarily to meditation, and are said to be the remedy for the poison of anger and aggression.

The sutra collection of the Dergé Kangyur contains 398 texts categorised into five sections:

• The Perfection of Wisdom (Skt. Prajñāpāramitā; Tib. ཤེར་ཕྱིན་, Wyl. sher phyin) section (Toh 8-30)

Perfection of Wisdom (Prajñāpāramitā)

• The Ornaments of the Buddhas {skt. Buddhāvataṃsaka; Tib ཕལ་ཆེན་, Wyl. phal chen) section

The Sūtra of the Ornament of the Buddhas

• The Heap of Jewels (Skt. Ratnakūṭa; Tib. དཀོན་བརྩེགས་, Wyl. dkon brtsegs) section (Toh 45-93).

Heap of Jewels

• The General Sutra Section (Tib. མདོ་སྡེ།, Wyl. mdo sde)

Types of Sutra

There are three types of sutras:

1. sutras spoken directly by the Buddha (ཞལ་ནས་གསུངས་པའི་བཀའ་, zhal nas gsungs pa'i bka' )
2. sutras spoken through the blessing of the Buddha (ཡིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་པའི་བཀའ་, byin gyis brlabs pa'i bka' )
3. sutras spoken through mandate. (རྗེས་སུ་གནང་བའི་བཀའ་, rjes su gnang ba'i bka' )

During the forty-five years the Buddha taught, he granted thousands of sutra teachings to his disciples. Other teachings, directly inspired by the blessing of the Buddha and spoken by the great bodhisattvas, are also considered sutras. The most famous example of such a sutra is the Heart Sutra, which is recited by the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara. Sutras spoken through mandate are those which the Buddha instructed his followers to compile from the teachings they had heard.

External Links

• General Sūtra Section