Three kinds of perception
The three kinds of perception (Tib. སྣང་བ་གསུམ, nangwa sum་, Wyl. snang ba gsum) appear in the preliminaries for the Lamdré practice of the Sakya tradition:
- impure perception (Tib. མ་དག་པའི་སྣང་བ་, madakpé nangwa, Wyl. ma dag pa'i snang ba)
- mixed perception experienced by yogis through practice (Tib. རྣལ་འབྱོར་ཉམས་ཀྱི་སྣང་བ་, naljor nyam kyi nangwa, Wyl. rnal 'byor nyams kyi snang ba)
- pure perception (Tib. དག་པའི་སྣང་བ་, dakpé nangwa, Wyl. dag pa'i snang ba)
The source is Virupa's Vajra Verses.
Further Reading
- Deshung Rinpoche, The Three Levels of Spiritual Perception (Boston: Wisdom, 1995, 2003)