Five faults: Difference between revisions
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The '''five faults''' (Tib. [[ཉེས་པ་ལྔ་]], ''nyepa nga'' | The '''five faults''' (Tib. [[ཉེས་པ་ལྔ་]], ''nyepa nga'', [[Wyl.]] ''nyes pa lnga'') are defects to be overcome by means of the [[eight antidotes]] when practising [[shamatha]] [[meditation]]. They are mentioned in [[Maitreya]]’s ''[[Distinguishing the Middle from Extremes]]'' (Skt. ''Madhyantavibhanga''). | ||
#'''[[Laziness]]''' (Tib. [[ལེ་ལོ་]], Wyl. ''le lo'') – there are three kinds: (i) lethargy, (ii) attachment to negative behaviour, and (iii) despondency | #'''[[Laziness]]''' (Tib. [[ལེ་ལོ་]], Wyl. ''le lo'') – there are three kinds: (i) lethargy, (ii) attachment to negative behaviour, and (iii) despondency | ||
#'''Forgetting the instructions''' (Tib. [[བརྗེད་པ་]], Wyl. ''brjed pa''). These two are obstacles in the beginning. | #'''Forgetting the instructions''' (Skt. ''upadeśa saṃpramoṣa''; Tib. [[བརྗེད་པ་]], Wyl. ''brjed pa''). These first two faults are obstacles in the beginning. | ||
# '''[[Dullness]] and [[Agitation]]''' (Tib. [[བྱིང་རྒོད་]], Wyl. ''bying rgod'') – there are subtle and gross forms to both dullness (Tib. [[བྱིང་པ་]], Wyl. ''bying pa'') and agitation (Tib. [[རྒོད་པ་]], Wyl. ''rgod pa''). These are obstacles during the actual practice of meditation.<ref>[[Kamalashila]] in his ''[[Stages of Meditation]]'' (and [[Vimalamitra]] in his text of the same name) list [[dullness]] and [[agitation]] separately, making a total of '''six faults'''.</ref> | # '''[[Dullness]] and [[Agitation]]''' (Tib. [[བྱིང་རྒོད་]], Wyl. ''bying rgod'') – there are subtle and gross forms to both dullness (Tib. [[བྱིང་པ་]], Wyl. ''bying pa'') and agitation (Tib. [[རྒོད་པ་]], Wyl. ''rgod pa''). These are obstacles during the actual practice of meditation.<ref>[[Kamalashila]] in his ''[[Stages of Meditation]]'' (and [[Vimalamitra]] in his text of the same name) list [[dullness]] and [[agitation]] separately, making a total of '''six faults'''.</ref> | ||
#'''Under-application''' (Tib. [[འདུ་མི་བྱེད་པ་]], Wyl. ''‘du mi byed pa'') – this occurs when one recognizes the presence of dullness or agitation but fails to apply the antidote<br> | #'''Under-application''' (Skt. ''anābhisaṃskārapratipakṣa''; Tib. [[འདུ་མི་བྱེད་པ་]], Wyl. ''‘du mi byed pa'') – this occurs when one recognizes the presence of dullness or agitation but fails to apply the antidote<br> | ||
#'''Over-application''' (Tib. [[ཧ་ཅང་འདུ་བྱེད་པ་]], Wyl. ''ha cang ‘du byed pa'') – this occurs when one recognizes the presence of dullness or agitation, applies the antidote, and then continues to apply it even when dullness or agitation are no longer present. These are obstacles to the further development of one’s meditation. | #'''Over-application''' (Skt. ''abhisaṃskārapratipakṣa''; Tib. [[ཧ་ཅང་འདུ་བྱེད་པ་]], Wyl. ''ha cang ‘du byed pa'') – this occurs when one recognizes the presence of dullness or agitation, applies the antidote, and then continues to apply it even when dullness or agitation are no longer present. These last two faults are obstacles to the further development of one’s meditation. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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[[Category:Meditation]] | [[Category:Meditation]] | ||
[[Category:Five faults| ]] | |||
[[Category:Enumerations]] | [[Category:Enumerations]] | ||
[[Category:05-Five]] | [[Category:05-Five]] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:52, 14 September 2023
The five faults (Tib. ཉེས་པ་ལྔ་, nyepa nga, Wyl. nyes pa lnga) are defects to be overcome by means of the eight antidotes when practising shamatha meditation. They are mentioned in Maitreya’s Distinguishing the Middle from Extremes (Skt. Madhyantavibhanga).
- Laziness (Tib. ལེ་ལོ་, Wyl. le lo) – there are three kinds: (i) lethargy, (ii) attachment to negative behaviour, and (iii) despondency
- Forgetting the instructions (Skt. upadeśa saṃpramoṣa; Tib. བརྗེད་པ་, Wyl. brjed pa). These first two faults are obstacles in the beginning.
- Dullness and Agitation (Tib. བྱིང་རྒོད་, Wyl. bying rgod) – there are subtle and gross forms to both dullness (Tib. བྱིང་པ་, Wyl. bying pa) and agitation (Tib. རྒོད་པ་, Wyl. rgod pa). These are obstacles during the actual practice of meditation.[1]
- Under-application (Skt. anābhisaṃskārapratipakṣa; Tib. འདུ་མི་བྱེད་པ་, Wyl. ‘du mi byed pa) – this occurs when one recognizes the presence of dullness or agitation but fails to apply the antidote
- Over-application (Skt. abhisaṃskārapratipakṣa; Tib. ཧ་ཅང་འདུ་བྱེད་པ་, Wyl. ha cang ‘du byed pa) – this occurs when one recognizes the presence of dullness or agitation, applies the antidote, and then continues to apply it even when dullness or agitation are no longer present. These last two faults are obstacles to the further development of one’s meditation.
Notes
- ↑ Kamalashila in his Stages of Meditation (and Vimalamitra in his text of the same name) list dullness and agitation separately, making a total of six faults.
Further Reading
- Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche, The Practice of Tranquility and Insight—A Guide to Tibetan Buddhist Meditation (Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications, 1993), pages 39-41.
- Sogyal Rinpoche, A Treasury of Dharma (Lodeve: Rigpa, 2005), pages 178-190.