Terma: Difference between revisions

From Rigpa Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(33 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[Image:Guru dewachen statue.JPG|frame|]]
[[Image:Yeshe Tsogyal.JPG|thumb|[[Yeshe Tsogyal]] who concealed terma together with [[Guru Rinpoche]]]]
'''Terma''' (Tib. ''gter ma'') - Spiritual '''treasures''' hidden by [[Guru Rinpoche]] and [[Yeshe Tsogyal]] in the earth and in the minds of disciples to be revealed at the appropriate time by ‘treasure revealers’ or [[tertön]]s. Many of these Ter were collected by [[Jamgön Kongtrul]] and [[Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo]] into more than sixty volumes, the [[Rinchen Terdzö]], Precious Treasury of Terma. Termas can be divided into ‘Earth Termas’ (sa ter), which employ physical objects, and ‘Mind Termas’ (gong ter), discovered within the mindstream of the tertön.  
'''Terma''' (Tib. [[གཏེར་མ་]], [[Wyl.]] ''gter ma'') — spiritual '''treasures''' hidden by [[Guru Rinpoche]] and [[Yeshe Tsogyal]] in the earth and in the minds of disciples to be revealed at the appropriate time by ‘treasure revealers’ or [[tertön]]s. Many of these [[གཏེར་]], ''ter'' were collected by [[Jamgön Kongtrul]] and [[Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo]] into more than sixty volumes, the ''[[Rinchen Terdzö]]'', or ''Treasury of Precious Termas''. The Terma lineage, together with the [[Nyingma Kama]], are the two modes of transmission of the teachings of the [[Nyingma]] School.  


[[Tulku Thondup]] writes:
[[Tulku Thondup]] writes:
:“In order to prevent the deep teachings and sacred objects of [[tantra]] from becoming mixed, diluted, or lost in the distant future, and in order to maintain their [[blessing]] powers afresh for future followers, [[Guru Rinpoche]] and [[Yeshe Tsogyal]] concealed them. They are discovered at the appropriate time by realized masters through their enlightened power.”<ref>[[Tulku Thondup Rinpoche]], ''Masters of Meditation and Miracles'', edited by Harold Talbott (Boston: Shambhala, 1996).</ref><ref>That's why translator B. Allan Wallace refers to termas as 'spiritual time-capsules'.</ref>


:“In order to prevent the deep teachings and sacred objects of [[tantra]] from becoming mixed, diluted, or lost in the distant future, and in order to maintain their blessing powers afresh for future followers, [[Guru Rinpoche]] and [[Yeshe Tsogyal]] concealed them. They are discovered at the appropriate time by realized masters through their enlightened power.”<ref>''Masters of Meditation and Miracles'', [[Tulku Thondup Rinpoche]]</ref>
==Categories of Terma==
[[Image:Guru dewachen statue.JPG|thumb|Termas discovered by [[Chokgyur Lingpa]]. The golden image at the centre is a [[kutsab]] known as Ngödrup Palbar and was discovered from ''Tsiké Norbu Punsum''.<ref>[[Tulku Thondup Rinpoche]], ''Hidden Teachings of Tibet'', central pictures.</ref>]]Termas are divided into two categories, according to the manner in which they were concealed and discovered:
*[[earth terma]]s (Tib. [[ས་གཏེར་]], ''sa ter''), which employ physical objects, and
*[[mind terma]]s (Tib. [[དགོངས་གཏེར་]], ''gong ter''), discovered within the mindstream of the tertön.


[[Sogyal Rinpoche]] writes:
In the discovery of earth termas, earthly [[Material terma|materials]] such as symbolic script written on yellow scroll are used to awaken the terma in the mind of the tertön. In the discovery of mind termas, no external earthly objects are relied on. In many instances of mind terma, seeing or hearing symbolic words or sounds in visions causes the discovery of the terma.


:‘Terchö’ literature can be in three parts:— Lama, [[Dzogchen]] & Tukjé Chenpo (La dzog tuk sum), i.e. the peaceful and wrathful [[sadhana]]s on the Guru, teachings on Dzogchen and sadhana cycle on [[Avalokiteshvara]]. Another division is into [[Kagyé]], [[Lama Gongdü|Gongdü]] and [[Vajrakilaya|Phurba]].
*Another type of terma in the Nyingma tradition are [[pure vision]] (Tib. [[དག་སྣང་]], ''dak nang'') teachings.  


:Examples of Gongter are:— the [[Seven Treasuries]] of [[Longchenpa]], Mingyur Dorje’s Namchö, [[Jikme Lingpa]]’s [[Longchen Nyingtik]] and the termas of Kyabjé [[Dudjom Rinpoche]]. Examples of Pure Visions are:— Yuthok Yönten Gonpo’s Yuthok Nyingtik, [[Lhatsün Namkha Jikmé]]’s [[Rigdzin Sokdrup]] and the Great Fifth Dalai Lama’s [[Gyachen Nyer Nga]].<ref>''Dzogchen and Padmasambhava'', [[Sogyal Rinpoche]]</ref>
*[[Sogyal Rinpoche]] writes:
:‘Terchö’ literature can be in three parts: Lama, [[Dzogchen]] & Tukjé Chenpo (Tib. བླ་རྫོགས་ཐུགས་གསུམ་, ''la dzog tuk sum''), i.e.
:*the peaceful and wrathful [[sadhana]]s on the Guru (Tib. Lama),
:*teachings on Dzogchen, and  
:*sadhana cycle on [[Avalokiteshvara]] (Tib. Tukjé Chenpo).  


===Notes===
:Another division is into [[Kagyé]], [[Lama Gongdü|Gongdü]] and [[Vajrakilaya|Phurba]].<ref>Sogyal Rinpoche, ''[[Dzogchen and Padmasambhava]]'', page 74.</ref>
<references/>
 
==The Terma Tradition==
[[Image:3rddodrupchen.jpg|thumb|[[Dodrupchen Jikmé Tenpé Nyima]] wrote a treatise on the terma tradition]]
[[Tulku Thondup]] explains the Terma tradition of Tibet as follows:
 
:In a number of spiritual traditions of the world there are many instances of the discovery of teachings and objects through mystical power. Similarly, in various traditions and lineages of Buddhism, in India as well as Tibet, numerous mystical discoveries of teachings and objects have taken place.
 
:In the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, the tradition of concealment and revelation of teachings and materials of religious value through the mystical power of enlightened beings is most prevalent by far. This tradition of mystical discovery is known in Tibetan as Ter ('Treasures'), Terma ('Treasured Ones'), or Terchö ('Dharma Treasures' or 'Treasured Teachings').<ref>Tulku Thondup, ''Enlightened Journey: Buddhist Practice as Daily Life'', pages 93-94.</ref>
 
:The main source of the Terma tradition of the Nyingma school is [[Guru Padmasambhava]]. <ref>Ibid, page 95.</ref>
 
:While transmitting esoteric teachings to his realized disciples in Tibet, Guru Padmasambhava concealed many teachings with the [[blessings]] of his enlightened mind stream in the nature of the intrinsic awareness of the minds of his disciples through the power of “mind-mandated transmission” (Tib. གཏད་རྒྱ་, Wyl. ''gtad rgya''); thereby the master and disciple became united as one in the teachings and realization. Here, the master has concealed the teachings and blessings, the esoteric attainments, as ter in the pure nature of the minds of his disciples through his enlightened power, and he has made aspirations that the ter may be discovered for the sake of beings when the appropriate time comes.<ref>Ibid, page 96.</ref>
 
[[Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche]] writes:
 
:In propagating the [[Buddha]]’s teachings amid the shamanistic society that dominated Tibet at that time, Padmasambhava saw clearly that some teachings would have to wait for a more appropriate time to take root. He concealed them until certain great practitioners…would reveal them and bring them to fruition.<ref>Chagdud Tulku, ''Lord of the Dance'' (Junction City: Padma Publishing, 1992), page 11.</ref>
 
==Notes==
<small><references/></small>


==Further Reading==
==Further Reading==
*Aris, Michael, ''Hidden Treasures and Secret Lives'', Motilal Banarsidass, 1988
*Andreas Doctor, ''Tibetan Treasure Literature: Revelation, Tradition and Accomplishment in Visionary Buddhism'' (Ithaca: Snow Lion, 2005).
*Doctor, Andreas, ''Tibetan Treasure Literature: Revelation, Tradition and Accomplishment in Visionary Buddhism'', Ithaca: Snow Lion, 2005
*[[Dudjom Rinpoche]], ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism'' (Boston: Wisdom, revised edition 2002).
*Dudjom Rinpoche, ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism'', Boston: Wisdom, revised edition 2002
*Janet B. Gyatso, 'Drawn from the Tibetan Treasury: The gTer ma Literature' in Cabezón and Jackson, ed., ''Tibetan Literature: Studies in Genre'' (Ithaca: Snow Lion, 1996).
*Tulku Thondup, ''Hidden Teachings of Tibet: An Explanation of the Terma Tradition of the Nyingma School of Buddhism'', Boston: Wisdom, reprint edition 1997
*Michael Aris, ''Hidden Treasures and Secret Lives'', Motilal Banarsidass, 1988.
*[[Ringu Tulku]], ''The Ri-me Philosophy of Jamgön Kongtrul the Great'' (Boston & London: Shambhala Publications, 2006), pages 117-121 & 159-160.
*[[Thinley Norbu]], ''The Small Golden Key'' (Shambhala Publications, 1999), ‘4. Nyingmapa Kama and Terma'.
*[[Tulku Thondup]], ''Hidden Teachings of Tibet: An Explanation of the Terma Tradition of the Nyingma School of Buddhism'' (London & Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1986, reprint edition 1997).


==External Links==
==External Links==
*[http://www.lotsawahouse.org/school/terma_vocabulary.html Terma Vocabulary]
*{{LH|topics/termas|A collection of translations of termas on Lotsawa House}}


[[Category:Key Terms]]
[[Category:Key Terms]]
[[Category:Nyingma]]
[[Category:Nyingma]]
[[Category:Termas| ]]
[[Category:Guru Rinpoche]]
[[Category:Lineages]]

Latest revision as of 08:01, 14 September 2023

Yeshe Tsogyal who concealed terma together with Guru Rinpoche

Terma (Tib. གཏེར་མ་, Wyl. gter ma) — spiritual treasures hidden by Guru Rinpoche and Yeshe Tsogyal in the earth and in the minds of disciples to be revealed at the appropriate time by ‘treasure revealers’ or tertöns. Many of these གཏེར་, ter were collected by Jamgön Kongtrul and Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo into more than sixty volumes, the Rinchen Terdzö, or Treasury of Precious Termas. The Terma lineage, together with the Nyingma Kama, are the two modes of transmission of the teachings of the Nyingma School.

Tulku Thondup writes:

“In order to prevent the deep teachings and sacred objects of tantra from becoming mixed, diluted, or lost in the distant future, and in order to maintain their blessing powers afresh for future followers, Guru Rinpoche and Yeshe Tsogyal concealed them. They are discovered at the appropriate time by realized masters through their enlightened power.”[1][2]

Categories of Terma

Termas discovered by Chokgyur Lingpa. The golden image at the centre is a kutsab known as Ngödrup Palbar and was discovered from Tsiké Norbu Punsum.[3]

Termas are divided into two categories, according to the manner in which they were concealed and discovered:

In the discovery of earth termas, earthly materials such as symbolic script written on yellow scroll are used to awaken the terma in the mind of the tertön. In the discovery of mind termas, no external earthly objects are relied on. In many instances of mind terma, seeing or hearing symbolic words or sounds in visions causes the discovery of the terma.

‘Terchö’ literature can be in three parts: Lama, Dzogchen & Tukjé Chenpo (Tib. བླ་རྫོགས་ཐུགས་གསུམ་, la dzog tuk sum), i.e.
  • the peaceful and wrathful sadhanas on the Guru (Tib. Lama),
  • teachings on Dzogchen, and
  • sadhana cycle on Avalokiteshvara (Tib. Tukjé Chenpo).
Another division is into Kagyé, Gongdü and Phurba.[4]

The Terma Tradition

Dodrupchen Jikmé Tenpé Nyima wrote a treatise on the terma tradition

Tulku Thondup explains the Terma tradition of Tibet as follows:

In a number of spiritual traditions of the world there are many instances of the discovery of teachings and objects through mystical power. Similarly, in various traditions and lineages of Buddhism, in India as well as Tibet, numerous mystical discoveries of teachings and objects have taken place.
In the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, the tradition of concealment and revelation of teachings and materials of religious value through the mystical power of enlightened beings is most prevalent by far. This tradition of mystical discovery is known in Tibetan as Ter ('Treasures'), Terma ('Treasured Ones'), or Terchö ('Dharma Treasures' or 'Treasured Teachings').[5]
The main source of the Terma tradition of the Nyingma school is Guru Padmasambhava. [6]
While transmitting esoteric teachings to his realized disciples in Tibet, Guru Padmasambhava concealed many teachings with the blessings of his enlightened mind stream in the nature of the intrinsic awareness of the minds of his disciples through the power of “mind-mandated transmission” (Tib. གཏད་རྒྱ་, Wyl. gtad rgya); thereby the master and disciple became united as one in the teachings and realization. Here, the master has concealed the teachings and blessings, the esoteric attainments, as ter in the pure nature of the minds of his disciples through his enlightened power, and he has made aspirations that the ter may be discovered for the sake of beings when the appropriate time comes.[7]

Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche writes:

In propagating the Buddha’s teachings amid the shamanistic society that dominated Tibet at that time, Padmasambhava saw clearly that some teachings would have to wait for a more appropriate time to take root. He concealed them until certain great practitioners…would reveal them and bring them to fruition.[8]

Notes

  1. ↑ Tulku Thondup Rinpoche, Masters of Meditation and Miracles, edited by Harold Talbott (Boston: Shambhala, 1996).
  2. ↑ That's why translator B. Allan Wallace refers to termas as 'spiritual time-capsules'.
  3. ↑ Tulku Thondup Rinpoche, Hidden Teachings of Tibet, central pictures.
  4. ↑ Sogyal Rinpoche, Dzogchen and Padmasambhava, page 74.
  5. ↑ Tulku Thondup, Enlightened Journey: Buddhist Practice as Daily Life, pages 93-94.
  6. ↑ Ibid, page 95.
  7. ↑ Ibid, page 96.
  8. ↑ Chagdud Tulku, Lord of the Dance (Junction City: Padma Publishing, 1992), page 11.

Further Reading

  • Andreas Doctor, Tibetan Treasure Literature: Revelation, Tradition and Accomplishment in Visionary Buddhism (Ithaca: Snow Lion, 2005).
  • Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism (Boston: Wisdom, revised edition 2002).
  • Janet B. Gyatso, 'Drawn from the Tibetan Treasury: The gTer ma Literature' in Cabezón and Jackson, ed., Tibetan Literature: Studies in Genre (Ithaca: Snow Lion, 1996).
  • Michael Aris, Hidden Treasures and Secret Lives, Motilal Banarsidass, 1988.
  • Ringu Tulku, The Ri-me Philosophy of Jamgön Kongtrul the Great (Boston & London: Shambhala Publications, 2006), pages 117-121 & 159-160.
  • Thinley Norbu, The Small Golden Key (Shambhala Publications, 1999), ‘4. Nyingmapa Kama and Terma'.
  • Tulku Thondup, Hidden Teachings of Tibet: An Explanation of the Terma Tradition of the Nyingma School of Buddhism (London & Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1986, reprint edition 1997).

External Links

Retrieved from "https://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Terma&oldid=93563"