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'''Eight classes of gods and demons''' (Tib. ལྷ་འདྲེ་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་, ''lha dré dé gyé'', [[Wyl.]] ''lha 'dre sde brgyad'') — a classification of worldly spirits. There are many different classifications; one of them is:
'''Eight classes of gods and demons''' (Skt. ''Aṣṭagatyaḥ'' or ''Aṣṭauparṣadaḥ''; Tib. ལྷ་འདྲེ་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་, ''lha dré dé gyé'', [[Wyl.]] ''lha 'dre sde brgyad'') — a classification of worldly spirits. There are many different classifications; one of them is:


* dü (Skt. ''māra''; Tib. [[བདུད་]], Wyl. ''bdud'')—see [[four maras]]
* dü (Skt. ''māra''; Tib. [[བདུད་]], Wyl. ''bdud'')—see [[four maras]]
* [[mamo]] (Skt. ''mātṛkā''; Tib. མ་མོ་, Wyl. ''ma mo'')
* [[mamo]] (Skt. ''mātṛkā''; Tib. མ་མོ་, Wyl. ''ma mo'')
* [[naga]] ( Skt. ''nāga''; Tib. [[ཀླུ་]], ''lu''; Wyl. ''klu'')
* [[naga]] (Skt. ''nāga''; Tib. [[ཀླུ་]], ''lu'', Wyl. ''klu'')
* [[ging]] ( Skt. ''kiṃkaras''; Tib. གིང་, Wyl. ''ging'')
* [[ging]] (Skt. ''kiṃkaras''; Tib. གིང་, Wyl. ''ging'')
* [[rahula]] (Skt. ''rāhula'')
* [[rahula]] (Skt. ''rāhula'')
* [[tsen]] (Tib. བཙན་, Wyl. ''btsan'')
* [[tsen]] (Tib. བཙན་, Wyl. ''btsan'')
* [[rakshasa]] (Skt. ''rākṣasa''; Tib. [[སྲིན་པོ་]], ''sinpo''; Wyl. ''srin po'')
* [[rakshasa]] (Skt. ''rākṣasa''; Tib. [[སྲིན་པོ་]], ''sinpo'', Wyl. ''srin po'')
* [[yaksha]] (Skt. ''yakṣa''; Tib. གནོད་སྦྱིན་, Wyl. ''gnod sbyin'')
* [[yaksha]] (Skt. ''yakṣa''; Tib. གནོད་སྦྱིན་, Wyl. ''gnod sbyin'')


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According to [[Nupchen Sangye Yeshe|Nubchen Sangye Yeshe]]'s  “''Dergye Serkyem''” (Tib. སྡེ་བརྒྱད་གསེར་སྐྱེམས་, Wyl. ''sde brgyad gser skyems''), “''Offering of Golden Drink to the Eight Classes''”, there are six series of eightfold groups of spirits.<ref>[[Dudjom Rinpoche]], ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume 2.'' For a detailed description, see pages 158-159.</ref>
According to [[Nupchen Sangye Yeshe|Nubchen Sangye Yeshe]]'s  “''Dergye Serkyem''” (Tib. སྡེ་བརྒྱད་གསེར་སྐྱེམས་, Wyl. ''sde brgyad gser skyems''), “''Offering of Golden Drink to the Eight Classes''”, there are six series of eightfold groups of spirits.<ref>[[Dudjom Rinpoche]], ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume 2.'' For a detailed description, see pages 158-159.</ref>
In East Asia, the following listing is common:
*[[gods]] (Skt. ''deva''; Tib. [[ལྷ་]], Wyl. ''lha'')
*[[naga]] (Skt. ''nāga''; Tib. [[ཀླུ་]]་ Wyl. ''klu'')
*[[yaksha]] (Skt. ''yakṣa''; Tib. [[གནོད་སྦྱིན་]], Wyl. ''gnod sbyin'')
*[[gandharva]] (Tib. [[དྲི་ཟ་]], Wyl. ''dri za'')
*[[asura]] (Tib. [[ལྷ་མིན་]] (Wyl. ''lha min'') or [[ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་]] (Wyl. ''lha ma yin'')
*[[garuda]] (Skt. ''garuḍa''; Tib. ཁྱུང་, Wyl. ''khyung'')
*[[kinnara]] (Tib. [[མིའམ་ཅི་]], Wyl. ''mi'am ci'')
*[[mahoraga]] (Tib. [[ལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ་]], Wyl. ''lto 'phye chen po'')


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 10:54, 3 February 2019

Eight classes of gods and demons (Skt. Aṣṭagatyaḥ or Aṣṭauparṣadaḥ; Tib. ལྷ་འདྲེ་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་, lha dré dé gyé, Wyl. lha 'dre sde brgyad) — a classification of worldly spirits. There are many different classifications; one of them is:

On an inner level, they correspond to the eight consciousnesses.

Alternative Classifications

Alternative classifications include gods and demons such as:

According to Nubchen Sangye Yeshe's “Dergye Serkyem” (Tib. སྡེ་བརྒྱད་གསེར་སྐྱེམས་, Wyl. sde brgyad gser skyems), “Offering of Golden Drink to the Eight Classes”, there are six series of eightfold groups of spirits.[1]

In East Asia, the following listing is common:

References

  1. ↑ Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume 2. For a detailed description, see pages 158-159.

Further Reading

  • Revue d'Études Tibétaines, Number 2, April 2003 - Numéro spécial Lha srin sde brgyad
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