Eight classes of gods and demons: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| (4 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown) | |||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
* dü (Skt. ''māra''; Tib. [[བདུད་]], Wyl. ''bdud'')—see [[four maras]] | * dü (Skt. ''māra''; Tib. [[བདུད་]], Wyl. ''bdud'')—see [[four maras]] | ||
* [[mamo]] (Skt. ''mātṛkā''; Tib. མ་མོ་, Wyl. ''ma mo'') | * [[mamo]] (Skt. ''mātṛkā''; Tib. མ་མོ་, Wyl. ''ma mo'') | ||
* [[naga]] ( Skt. ''nāga''; Tib. [[ཀླུ་]], ''lu'' | * [[naga]] (Skt. ''nāga''; Tib. [[ཀླུ་]], ''lu'', Wyl. ''klu'') | ||
* [[ging]] ( Skt. ''kiṃkaras''; Tib. གིང་, Wyl. ''ging'') | * [[ging]] (Skt. ''kiṃkaras''; Tib. གིང་, Wyl. ''ging'') | ||
* [[rahula]] (Skt. ''rāhula'') | * [[rahula]] (Skt. ''rāhula'') | ||
* [[tsen]] (Tib. བཙན་, Wyl. ''btsan'') | * [[tsen]] (Tib. བཙན་, Wyl. ''btsan'') | ||
* [[rakshasa]] (Skt. ''rākṣasa''; Tib. [[སྲིན་པོ་]], ''sinpo'' | * [[rakshasa]] (Skt. ''rākṣasa''; Tib. [[སྲིན་པོ་]], ''sinpo'', Wyl. ''srin po'') | ||
* [[yaksha]] (Skt. ''yakṣa''; Tib. གནོད་སྦྱིན་, Wyl. ''gnod sbyin'') | * [[yaksha]] (Skt. ''yakṣa''; Tib. གནོད་སྦྱིན་, Wyl. ''gnod sbyin'') | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
In East Asia, the following listing is common: | In East Asia, the following listing is common: | ||
*[[gods]] (Skt. ''deva''; Tib. [[ལྷ་]], Wyl. ''lha'') | *[[gods]] (Skt. ''deva''; Tib. [[ལྷ་]], Wyl. ''lha'') | ||
*[[naga]] (Skt. ''nāga''; Tib. [[ | *[[naga]] (Skt. ''nāga''; Tib. [[ཀླུ་]]་ Wyl. ''klu'') | ||
*[[yaksha]] (Skt. ''yakṣa''; Tib. [[གནོད་སྦྱིན་]], Wyl. ''gnod sbyin'') | *[[yaksha]] (Skt. ''yakṣa''; Tib. [[གནོད་སྦྱིན་]], Wyl. ''gnod sbyin'') | ||
*[[gandharva]] (Tib. [[དྲི་ཟ་]], Wyl. ''dri za'') | *[[gandharva]] (Tib. [[དྲི་ཟ་]], Wyl. ''dri za'') | ||
*[[asura]] (Tib. [[ | *[[asura]] (Tib. [[ལྷ་མིན་]] (Wyl. ''lha min'') or [[ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་]] (Wyl. ''lha ma yin'') | ||
*[[garuda]] (Skt. ''garuḍa''; Tib. | *[[garuda]] (Skt. ''garuḍa''; Tib. ཁྱུང་, Wyl. ''khyung'') | ||
*[[kinnara]] (Tib. [[མིའམ་ཅི་]], Wyl. ''mi'am ci'') | *[[kinnara]] (Tib. [[མིའམ་ཅི་]], Wyl. ''mi'am ci'') | ||
*[[mahoraga]] (Tib. [[ | *[[mahoraga]] (Tib. [[ལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ་]], Wyl. ''lto 'phye chen po'') | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 10:54, 3 February 2019
Eight classes of gods and demons (Skt. Aṣṭagatyaḥ or Aṣṭauparṣadaḥ; Tib. ལྷ་འདྲེ་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་, lha dré dé gyé, Wyl. lha 'dre sde brgyad) — a classification of worldly spirits. There are many different classifications; one of them is:
- dü (Skt. māra; Tib. བདུད་, Wyl. bdud)—see four maras
- mamo (Skt. mātṛkā; Tib. མ་མོ་, Wyl. ma mo)
- naga (Skt. nāga; Tib. ཀླུ་, lu, Wyl. klu)
- ging (Skt. kiṃkaras; Tib. གིང་, Wyl. ging)
- rahula (Skt. rāhula)
- tsen (Tib. བཙན་, Wyl. btsan)
- rakshasa (Skt. rākṣasa; Tib. སྲིན་པོ་, sinpo, Wyl. srin po)
- yaksha (Skt. yakṣa; Tib. གནོད་སྦྱིན་, Wyl. gnod sbyin)
On an inner level, they correspond to the eight consciousnesses.
Alternative Classifications
Alternative classifications include gods and demons such as:
- gods (Skt. deva; Tib. ལྷ་, Wyl. lha)
- yama (Skt.; Tib. གཤིན་རྗེ་, Wyl. gshin rje)
- gyalpo (Tib. རྒྱལ་པོ་, Wyl. rgyal po)
- earth lords (Tib. ས་བདག་, Wyl. sa bdag)
- kinnara (Tib. མིའམ་ཅི་, Wyl. mi'am ci)
- teurang (Tib. ཐེའུ་རང་, Wyl. the'u rang)
According to Nubchen Sangye Yeshe's “Dergye Serkyem” (Tib. སྡེ་བརྒྱད་གསེར་སྐྱེམས་, Wyl. sde brgyad gser skyems), “Offering of Golden Drink to the Eight Classes”, there are six series of eightfold groups of spirits.[1]
In East Asia, the following listing is common:
- gods (Skt. deva; Tib. ལྷ་, Wyl. lha)
- naga (Skt. nāga; Tib. ཀླུ་་ Wyl. klu)
- yaksha (Skt. yakṣa; Tib. གནོད་སྦྱིན་, Wyl. gnod sbyin)
- gandharva (Tib. དྲི་ཟ་, Wyl. dri za)
- asura (Tib. ལྷ་མིན་ (Wyl. lha min) or ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་ (Wyl. lha ma yin)
- garuda (Skt. garuḍa; Tib. ཁྱུང་, Wyl. khyung)
- kinnara (Tib. མིའམ་ཅི་, Wyl. mi'am ci)
- mahoraga (Tib. ལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ་, Wyl. lto 'phye chen po)
References
- ↑ Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume 2. For a detailed description, see pages 158-159.
Further Reading
- Revue d'Études Tibétaines, Number 2, April 2003 - Numéro spécial Lha srin sde brgyad