Five certainties: Difference between revisions
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#the certain or perfect disciples and | #the certain or perfect disciples and | ||
#the certain or perfect time. | #the certain or perfect time. | ||
==Alternative Translations== | |||
*Fivefold certainty (Richard Barron (Chokyi Nyima)) | |||
*Five fully endowed circumstances (Christina Monson) | |||
==Further Reading== | ==Further Reading== | ||
Revision as of 12:46, 25 March 2024
The five certainties (Skt. pañcaniyata; Tib. ངེས་པ་ལྔ་, ngepa nga, Wyl. nges pa lnga) or perfections (ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ལྔ་, pünsum tsokpa nga, phun sum tshogs pa lnga) are:
- the certain or perfect teacher,
- the certain or perfect teaching,
- the certain or perfect place,
- the certain or perfect disciples and
- the certain or perfect time.
Alternative Translations
- Fivefold certainty (Richard Barron (Chokyi Nyima))
- Five fully endowed circumstances (Christina Monson)
Further Reading
- Khenpo Ngawang Pelzang, A Guide to the Words of My Perfect Teacher, translated by Padmakara Translation Group (Boston & London: Shambhala, 2004), pages 32-34.
- Patrul Rinpoche, The Words of My Perfect Teacher (Boston: Shambhala, Revised edition, 1998), pages 9-10.
- Thinley Norbu, The Small Golden Key (Shambhala Publications, 1999), pages 70-72.