Five practices of enlightenment without meditation

The five practices of enlightenment without meditation (Wyl. ma sgom sangs rgyas chos lnga) are sometimes given as:

• liberation through seeing (chakras) (Tib. tongdrol; Wyl. mthong grol);
• liberation on hearing (mantras and dharanis) (Tib. tödrol, Wyl. thos grol);
• liberation by tasting (amrita) (Tib. nyongdrol, Wyl. myong grol);
• liberation by touch (mudra) (Tib. takdrol, Wyl. btags grol); and
• liberation by recollection or thinking (which includes the practice of phowa) (Tib. drendrol)