Four Hundred Verses
Four Hundred Verses (Skt. Catuḥśataka; Tib. བཞི་བརྒྱ་པ་, Wyl. bzhi brgya pa, full title Tib. རྣལ་འབྱོར་སྤྱོད་པ་བཞི་བརྒྱ་པ་, Wyl. rnal 'byor spyod pa bzhi brgya pa) — an important Madhyamika treatise by Aryadeva. It is included among the so-called "Thirteen great texts", which form the core of the curriculum in most shedras and on which Khenpo Shenga provided commentaries.
Outline
The text has 16 chapters:
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Text
Although the text was originally written in Sanskrit, and later translated into Chinese (the last eight chapters only) and Tibetan, only fragments of the Sanskrit text now remain.[1]
The Tibetan text can be found in the Tengyur, Toh 3865
- བསྟན་བཅོས་བཞི་བརྒྱ་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བའི་ཚིག་ལེའུར་བྱས་པ་, bstan bcos bzhi brgya pa zhes bya ba'i tshig le'ur byas pa
- Sakya Library
English translations:
- Ruth Sonam, Yogic Deeds of Bodhisattvas: Gyel-tsap on Aryadeva's Four Hundred with commentary by Geshe Sonam Rinchen (Ithaca: Snow Lion, 1994), which includes Gyaltsab Darma Rinchen's commentary (see below). Republished as Aryadeva's Four Hundred Stanzas on the Middle Way: With Commentary by Gyel-Tsap (Snow Lion 2008)
- Karen Lang, Aryadeva's Catuhsataka: On the Bodhisattva's Cultivation of Merit and Knowledge (Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 1986). Available here as open source.
Commentaries
Indian
Chandrakirti wrote a commentary called simply Commentary on the Four Hundred Verses on the Yogic Deeds of Bodhisattvas.
Tibetan
Many Tibetan masters wrote commentaries on this text, including: Khenpo Ngawang Palzang, Pöpa Tulku Dongak Tenpé Nyima, Rendawa Shyönnu Lodrö, Gyaltsab Darma Rinchen and Khenpo Shenga.
Quotations
ཐེ་ཚོམ་ཟ་བར་ཡང་མི་འགྱུར། །
ཐེ་ཚོམ་ཟ་བར་ཙམ་ཞིག་གིས། །
Those with little merit will not
Even wonder about these things.
But merely to entertain doubts
About samsara will make it fall apart.
- Aryadeva, Four Hundred Verses, VIII, 5
བར་དུ་བདག་ནི་བཟློག་པ་དང༌། །
ཕྱི་ནས་ལྟ་བ་ཀུན་བཟློག་པ། །
At first, turn away from non-virtue,
In the middle, dispel misconceptions of self,
Finally, go beyond all philosophical views—
One who understands this is wise indeed.
- Āryadeva, Four Hundred Verses, VIII, 15
དེ་ནི་ཀུན་གྱི་ལྟ་པོར་བཤད། །
གཅིག་གི་སྟོང་ཉིད་གང་ཡིན་པ། །
Whoever sees the nature of one thing
Is said to see the nature of everything.
For the emptiness of one thing
Is the emptiness of everything.
- Aryadeva, Four Hundred Verses, VIII, 16
- ↑ Karen Lang, Aryadeva's Catuhsataka: On the Bodhisattva's Cultivation of Merit and Knowledge