Five certainties: Difference between revisions

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#the certain or perfect disciples and  
#the certain or perfect disciples and  
#the certain or perfect time.
#the certain or perfect time.
==Alternative Translations==
*Fivefold certainty (Richard Barron (Chokyi Nyima))
*Five fully endowed circumstances (Christina Monson)


==Further Reading==
==Further Reading==

Revision as of 12:46, 25 March 2024

The five certainties (Skt. pañcaniyata; Tib. ངེས་པ་ལྔ་, ngepa nga, Wyl. nges pa lnga) or perfections (ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ལྔ་, pünsum tsokpa nga, phun sum tshogs pa lnga) are:

  1. the certain or perfect teacher,
  2. the certain or perfect teaching,
  3. the certain or perfect place,
  4. the certain or perfect disciples and
  5. the certain or perfect time.

Alternative Translations

  • Fivefold certainty (Richard Barron (Chokyi Nyima))
  • Five fully endowed circumstances (Christina Monson)

Further Reading