Sutra

Texts from the Longchen Nyingtik Field of merit

Sutra (Skt. sūtra; Tib. མདོ་, do, Wyl. mdo) — the Sanskrit literally means ‘something that was heard from someone else’ and usually connotes ‘a discourse’.

• It refers to the discourses that the Buddha gave.
• ‘Sutra’, as distinct from ‘tantra’. The entire teachings of the Buddha can be distinguished as either sutra or tantra.
• One of the three collections of the Buddha’s teachings: Vinaya, Sutra (Tib. མདོ་སྡེ་, do de) and Abhidharma. Here, the sutras are related primarily to meditation, and are said to be the remedy for the poison of anger and aggression.

Subdivisions of the Sutra Collection

The sutra collection of the Kangyur contains 398 texts categorised into five sections:

• The Perfection of Wisdom (Skt. Prajñāpāramitā) section (Toh 8-30)
• The Thirteen late translated sutras section (Toh 31-43)
• The Ornaments of the Buddhas (Skt. Buddhāvataṃsaka) section (Toh 44)
• The Heap of Jewels (Skt. Ratnakūṭa) section (Toh 45-93)
• The General Sutra section (Toh 94-359)

Types of Sutra

There are three types of sutras:

1. sutras spoken directly by the Buddha (ཞལ་ནས་གསུངས་པའི་བཀའ་, zhal nas gsungs pa'i bka' )
2. sutras spoken through the blessing of the Buddha (ཡིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་པའི་བཀའ་, byin gyis brlabs pa'i bka' )
3. sutras spoken through mandate (རྗེས་སུ་གནང་བའི་བཀའ་, rjes su gnang ba'i bka' )

During the forty-five years the Buddha taught, he granted thousands of sutra teachings to his disciples. Other teachings, directly inspired by the blessing of the Buddha and spoken by the great bodhisattvas, are also considered sutras. The most famous example of such a sutra is the Heart Sutra, which is recited by the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara. Sutras spoken through mandate are those which the Buddha instructed his followers to compile from the teachings they had heard.

External Links

• Discourses Section of the Kangyur