Thirty-seven factors of enlightenment
The thirty-seven factors of enlightenment (Skt. saptatriṁśa-bodhipakṣa-dharma; Tib. བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་བདུན་, Wyl. byang chub kyi phyogs kyi chos sum cu rtsa bdun) are thirty-seven practices undertaken and perfected at specific stages of the first four of the five paths and present thereafter as qualities of enlightenment.
They are as follows:
- 1-4: Four applications of mindfulness (Skt. catuḥ-smṛtyupasthāna; Tib. དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་བཞག་པ་བཞི་, Wyl. dran pa nye bar bzhag pa bzhi)
- the body (Skt. kāya-smṛtyupasthāna; Tib. ལུས་དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་བཞག་, Wyl. lus dran pa nye bar bzhag)
- feelings (Skt. vedanā-smṛtyupasthāna; Tib. ཚོར་བ་དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་བཞག་, Wyl. tshor dran pa nye bar bzhag)
- the mind (Skt. citta-smṛtyupasthāna; Tib. སེམས་དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་བཞག་, Wyl. sems dran pa nye bar bzhag)
- phenomena (Skt. dharma-smṛtyupasthāna; Tib. ཆོས་དྲན་པ་ཉེ་བར་བཞག་, Wyl. chos dran pa nye bar bzhag)
- 5-8: Four genuine restraints (Skt. catvāri samyakprahāṇāni; Tib. ཡང་དག་པར་སྤོང་བ་བཞི་, yangdakpar pongwa shyi, Wyl. yang dag par spong ba bzhi)
- to avoid generating any negative states that have not arisen (Tib. མི་དགེ་བ་མ་སྐྱེས་པ་མི་བསྐྱེད་པ་, Wyl. mi dge ba ma skyes pa mi bskyed pa)
- to abandon negative states that have arisen (Tib. མི་དགེ་བ་སྐྱེས་པ་སྤོངས་བ་, Wyl. mi dge ba skyes pa spongs ba)
- to generate virtuous states that have not arisen (Tib. དགེ་བ་མ་སྐྱེས་པ་བསྐྱེད་པ་, Wyl. dge ba ma skyes pa bskyed pa)
- not to allow any virtuous states that have arisen to deteriorate and to develop them further (Tib. དགེ་བ་སྐྱེས་པ་སྤེལ་བ་, Wyl. dge ba skyes pa spel ba)
- 9-12: four bases of miraculous powers
- 13-17: five powers
- 18-22: five strengths
- 23-29: seven elements for enlightenment
- 30-37: noble eightfold path
Alternative Translations
- thirty-seven wings of enlightenment (Dharma Publishing)
Further Reading
- Kangyur Rinpoche, Treasury of Precious Qualities (Boston & London: Shambhala, 2001), 'Appendix 6'.