Three modes

The three modes (Skt. trairūpya; Tib. ཚུལ་གསུམ་; tsul sum, Wyl. tshul gsum) of a logical argument are as follows:

1. the reason must be a feature of the subject (Skt. pakṣadharma; Tib. ཕྱོགས་ཆོས་, Wyl. phyogs chos)
2. there must be positive logical pervasion (or positive concomitance or entailment) (Skt. anvayavyāpti; Tib. རྗེས་ཁྱབ་, Wyl. rjes khyab)
3. there must be negative logical pervasion (or negative concomitance) (Skt. vyatirekavyāpti; Tib. ལྡོག་ཁྱབ་, Wyl. ldog khyab)

Alternative Translations

• Threefold criteria