Vasubandhu
Vasubandhu (Skt.; Tib. དབྱིག་གཉེན་, Yiknyen, Wyl. dbyig gnyen) (4th cent. AD) numbers among the ‘Six Ornaments’, the greatest Buddhist authorities of Ancient India. He was born in Purusapura, present-day Peshawar, Pakistan, in what was then the Kingdom of Gandhara, and was the younger half-brother of Asanga. He composed the Treasury of Abhidharma, a complete and systematic account of the Abhidharma, the peak of scholarship in the Fundamental Vehicle. Later he followed the Mahayana Yogachara view, and wrote many works, such as Thirty Stanzas on the Mind.
His Writings
Vasubandhu was a prolific author and wrote texts on a wide variety of subjects, his most famous work being the Abhidharmakosha.
A set of eight texts are referred to as the Eight Treatises (the Eight Prakarana):
- A commentary on The Ornament of the Mahayana Sutras
- A commentary on Distinguishing the Middle from Extremes
- A commentary on Distinguishing Dharma and Dharmata
- Well Explained Reasoning
- Treatise on Karma
- Analysis of the Five Skandhas
- Twenty Stanzas
- Thirty Stanzas
Other texts include:
- Sukhāvatīvyūhopadeśa (Skt.), a treatise on the Amitayurdhyana Sutra
- Treatise on the Three Natures
- A commentary on the Sūtra Teaching the Beginnings and the Divisions of Dependent Arising (Skt. Pratītyasamutpādādi-vibhaṅga-nirdeśa)
- Gāthāsaṃgrahaśāstra-nāma (Wyl. bstan bcos tshigs su bcad pa bsdus pa zhes bya ba)
- Gāthāsaṃgrahaśāstrārtha-nāma (Wyl. tshigs su bcad pa'i don bsdus pa zhes bya ba'i bstan bcos)
- Ekagāthābhāṣya (Wyl. tshigs su bcad pa gcig pa'i bshad pa)
His Disciples
He famously had four students who were more learned than himself:
- Sthiramati, who was more learned in Abhidharma;
- Dignāga, who was more learned in Pramāṇa;
- Guṇaprabha, who was more learned in the Vinaya; and
- Arya Vimuktasena, who was more learned in Prajñāpāramitā.
These students are not necessarily considered to be his direct students, but perhaps more in the sense that they followed in his lineage.
Further Reading
- Stefan Anacker, Seven Works of Vasubandhu: The Buddhist Psychological Doctor, Motilal Banarsidass, 2nd Edition, 2002, ISBN 978-8120802032
- Philippe Cornu, Vasubandhu, Cinq traités sur l'esprit seulement (Paris: Fayard, 2008), 'Introduction'
- E. Lamotte, Karmasiddhiprakarana: le traité de l'acte de Vasubandhu, Bruxelles 1936
- J. Takakusu, The Life of Vasubandhu by Paramārtha, T'oung Pao
- Lobsang N. Tsonawa, Indian Buddhist Pandits from The Jewel Garland of Buddhist History, Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1985.
