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'''Four Tenet Systems''' - In the Indian Mahayana Buddhist monasteries, such as Nalanda, monks studied four systems of Buddhist tenets. These systems are: | '''Four Tenet Systems''' - In the Indian [[Mahayana]] Buddhist monasteries, such as [[Nalanda]], monks studied four systems of Buddhist tenets. These systems are: | ||
#[[Vaibhashika]] | #[[Vaibhashika]] | ||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
#[[Madhyamika]] | #[[Madhyamika]] | ||
The Tibetans have followed this custom, but have made further subdivisions within these four systems. For example, within Madhyamaka, they have differentiated Svatantrika Madhyamaka from Prasangika Madhyamaka. Within Svatantrika Madhyamaka, the Gelug school has further classified Indian authors as Yogachara Svatantrika or Sautrantika Svatantrika. The various non-Gelug schools have subdivided Madhyamaka in yet other ways. | The Tibetans have followed this custom, but have made further subdivisions within these four systems. For example, within Madhyamaka, they have differentiated [[Svatantrika]] Madhyamaka from [[Prasangika]] Madhyamaka. Within Svatantrika Madhyamaka, the [[Gelug]] school has further classified Indian authors as Yogachara Svatantrika or Sautrantika Svatantrika. The various non-Gelug schools have subdivided Madhyamaka in yet other ways. | ||
==Major Authors and Texts == | ==Major Authors and Texts == | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
::*[[Compendium of Logic]] | ::*[[Compendium of Logic]] | ||
:*[[Dharmakirti]] (7th Century) | :*[[Dharmakirti]] (7th Century) | ||
::*[[Seven Treatises on Valid Cognition]] | ::*[[Seven Treatises on Valid Cognition]] – a detailed commentary on the work of Dignaga | ||
'''Chittamatra (or | '''Chittamatra (or Yogachara)''' | ||
:*[[Asanga]] | :*[[Asanga]] | ||
::*[[Abhidharma-samuccaya]] | ::*[[Abhidharma-samuccaya]] | ||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
'''Two Divisions of Madhyamaka'''<hr> | '''Two Divisions of Madhyamaka'''<hr> | ||
''Svatantrika-Madhyamaka'' is studied in general in the context of far-reaching discriminating awareness (phar-phyin, Skt. prajnaparamita, perfection of wisdom), as formulated by Maitreya. | ''Svatantrika-Madhyamaka'' is studied in general in the context of far-reaching discriminating awareness ([[Wyl.]] ''phar-phyin'', Skt. [[prajnaparamita]], perfection of wisdom), as formulated by Maitreya. | ||
:*[[Maitreya]] | :*[[Maitreya]] | ||
::*[[Abhisamayalankara]] | ::*[[Abhisamayalankara]] | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
:*[[Chandrakirti]] | :*[[Chandrakirti]] | ||
::*[[Madhyamakavatara]] | ::*[[Madhyamakavatara]] – A supplement to Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika | ||
::*[[Prasannapada]] – A detailed commentary on Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika | ::*[[Prasannapada]] – A detailed commentary on Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika | ||
:*[[Aryadeva]] | :*[[Aryadeva]] | ||
| Line 44: | Line 44: | ||
::*[[Bodhicharyavatara]] | ::*[[Bodhicharyavatara]] | ||
:*[[Buddhapalita]] | :*[[Buddhapalita]] | ||
::*[[Mulamadhyamaka-vrtti]] | ::*[[Mulamadhyamaka-vrtti-buddhapalita]] – a commentary to Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika | ||
Other proponents of this tenet system are: | Other proponents of this tenet system are: | ||
:*[[Patsap Nyima Drak]] (1055-1145) – translated Chandrakirti into Tibetan | :*[[Patsap Nyima Drak]] (1055-1145) – translated Chandrakirti into Tibetan | ||
:*[[Tsongkhapa]] (1357-1419) – wrote a commentary on the | :*[[Tsongkhapa]] (1357-1419) – wrote a commentary on the Madhyamakavatara | ||
'''The Two Divisions of Svatantrika-Madhyamaka'''<hr> | '''The Two Divisions of Svatantrika-Madhyamaka'''<hr> | ||
''Yogachara-Svatantrika'' is studied through the works of Shantarakshita and his disciples Kamalashila and Haribhadra. | ''Yogachara-Svatantrika'' is studied through the works of Shantarakshita and his disciples, Kamalashila and Haribhadra. | ||
:*[[Shantarakshita]] | :*[[Shantarakshita]] | ||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
:*[[Kamalashila]] | :*[[Kamalashila]] | ||
::*[[Stages of Meditation]] | ::*[[Stages of Meditation]] | ||
::*[[Illumination for the Middle Way]] (dBu-ma snang-ba, Skt. Madhyamaka-aloka) | ::*[[Illumination for the Middle Way]] ([[Wyl.]] ''dBu-ma snang-ba'', Skt. Madhyamaka-aloka) | ||
:*[[Haribhadra]] | :*[[Haribhadra]] | ||
::*[[Sphutartha]] | ::*[[Sphutartha]] – a commentary to Maitreya’s “Ornament of Realizations” | ||
Other proponents of this tenet system are: | Other proponents of this tenet system are: | ||
| Line 73: | Line 73: | ||
:*[[Bhavaviveka]] | :*[[Bhavaviveka]] | ||
::*[[Madhyamaka-hrdaya]] | ::*[[Madhyamaka-hrdaya]] | ||
::*[[Tarkajvala]] (rTog-ge ‘bar-ba), Blaze of Reasoning; an autocommentary on Madhyamaka-hrdaya | ::*[[Tarkajvala]] ([[Wyl.]] ''rTog-ge ‘bar-ba''), Blaze of Reasoning; an autocommentary on Madhyamaka-hrdaya | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
Revision as of 16:01, 23 May 2008
Four Tenet Systems - In the Indian Mahayana Buddhist monasteries, such as Nalanda, monks studied four systems of Buddhist tenets. These systems are:
The Tibetans have followed this custom, but have made further subdivisions within these four systems. For example, within Madhyamaka, they have differentiated Svatantrika Madhyamaka from Prasangika Madhyamaka. Within Svatantrika Madhyamaka, the Gelug school has further classified Indian authors as Yogachara Svatantrika or Sautrantika Svatantrika. The various non-Gelug schools have subdivided Madhyamaka in yet other ways.
Major Authors and Texts
Vaibhashika
- Vasubandhu (400-480)
Sautrantika
- Dignaga (circa 6th century)
- Dharmakirti (7th Century)
- Seven Treatises on Valid Cognition – a detailed commentary on the work of Dignaga
Chittamatra (or Yogachara)
Madhyamaka
- Nagarjuna (circa 150-250)
Two Divisions of Madhyamaka
Svatantrika-Madhyamaka is studied in general in the context of far-reaching discriminating awareness (Wyl. phar-phyin, Skt. prajnaparamita, perfection of wisdom), as formulated by Maitreya.
Prasangika-Madhyamaka is studied primarily through the works of Chandrakirti (Zla-ba grags-pa), Aryadeva (‘Phags-pa lha), Shantideva (Zhi-ba lha), and Buddhapalita (Sang-rgyas bskyangs).
-
- Madhyamakavatara – A supplement to Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika
- Prasannapada – A detailed commentary on Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika
- Mulamadhyamaka-vrtti-buddhapalita – a commentary to Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamaka-karika
Other proponents of this tenet system are:
- Patsap Nyima Drak (1055-1145) – translated Chandrakirti into Tibetan
- Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) – wrote a commentary on the Madhyamakavatara
The Two Divisions of Svatantrika-Madhyamaka
Yogachara-Svatantrika is studied through the works of Shantarakshita and his disciples, Kamalashila and Haribhadra.
-
- Stages of Meditation
- Illumination for the Middle Way (Wyl. dBu-ma snang-ba, Skt. Madhyamaka-aloka)
- Sphutartha – a commentary to Maitreya’s “Ornament of Realizations”
Other proponents of this tenet system are:
- Ngok Loden Sherab (1059-1109)
- Chapa Chökyi Sengé (1109-1169) – composed the first Tibetan summary of of Dharmakirti’s thought.
- Dharmapala
- Mipham Rinpoche
- Words to Delight My Teacher Manjughosha - a commentary on Shantarakshita’s Madhyamakalankara
Sautrantika-Svatantrika
-
- Madhyamaka-hrdaya
- Tarkajvala (Wyl. rTog-ge ‘bar-ba), Blaze of Reasoning; an autocommentary on Madhyamaka-hrdaya