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'''Eight classes of gods and demons''' ([[Wyl.]] ''lha 'dre sde brgyad'') — a classification of worldly spirits. There are many different classifications; one of them is:
'''Eight classes of gods and demons''' (Skt. ''Aṣṭagatyaḥ'' or ''Aṣṭauparṣadaḥ''; Tib. ལྷ་འདྲེ་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་, ''lha dré dé gyé'', [[Wyl.]] ''lha 'dre sde brgyad'') — a classification of worldly spirits. There are many different classifications; one of them is:


* dü (Wyl. ''bdud''; Skt. ''māra'')—see [[four maras]]
* dü (Skt. ''māra''; Tib. [[བདུད་]], Wyl. ''bdud'')—see [[four maras]]
* [[mamo]] (Wyl. ''ma mo''; Skt. ''mātrika'')
* [[mamo]] (Skt. ''mātṛkā''; Tib. མ་མོ་, Wyl. ''ma mo'')
* [[naga]] (Skt. ''nāga''; Tib. ''lu''; Wyl. ''klu'')
* [[naga]] (Skt. ''nāga''; Tib. [[ཀླུ་]], ''lu'', Wyl. ''klu'')
* [[ging]] (Tib. & Wyl.)
* [[ging]] (Skt. ''kiṃkaras''; Tib. གིང་, Wyl. ''ging'')
* [[rahula]] (Skt. ''rāhula'')
* [[rahula]] (Skt. ''rāhula'')
* [[tsen]] (Wyl. ''btsan'')
* [[tsen]] (Tib. བཙན་, Wyl. ''btsan'')
* [[rakshasa]] (Skt. ''rākṣasa''; Tib. ''sinpo''; Wyl. ''srin po'')
* [[rakshasa]] (Skt. ''rākṣasa''; Tib. [[སྲིན་པོ་]], ''sinpo'', Wyl. ''srin po'')
* [[yaksha]] (Skt. ''yakṣa''; Wyl. ''gnod sbyin'')
* [[yaksha]] (Skt. ''yakṣa''; Tib. གནོད་སྦྱིན་, Wyl. ''gnod sbyin'')


On an inner level, they correspond to the [[eight consciousnesses]].
On an inner level, they correspond to the [[eight consciousnesses]].
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==Alternative Classifications==
==Alternative Classifications==
Alternative classifications include gods and demons such as:
Alternative classifications include gods and demons such as:
*gods (Skt. ''deva''; Wyl. ''lha'')
*[[gods]] (Skt. ''deva''; Tib. [[ལྷ་]], Wyl. ''lha'')
*yama (Skt.; Wyl. ''gshin rje'')
*yama (Skt.; Tib. [[གཤིན་རྗེ་]], Wyl. ''gshin rje'')
*gyalpo (Wyl. ''rgyal po'')
*[[gyalpo]] (Tib. [[རྒྱལ་པོ་]], Wyl. ''rgyal po'')
*sadak (Wyl. ''sa bdag'')
*[[earth lord]]s (Tib. ས་བདག་, Wyl. ''sa bdag'')
*miamchi (Wyl. ''mi'am ci'')
*[[kinnara]] (Tib. [[མིའམ་ཅི་]], Wyl. ''mi'am ci'')
*teurang (Wyl. ''the'u rang'')
*[[teurang]] (Tib. ཐེའུ་རང་, Wyl. ''the'u rang'')
 
According to [[Nupchen Sangye Yeshe|Nubchen Sangye Yeshe]]'s  “''Dergye Serkyem''” (Tib. སྡེ་བརྒྱད་གསེར་སྐྱེམས་, Wyl. ''sde brgyad gser skyems''), “''Offering of Golden Drink to the Eight Classes''”, there are six series of eightfold groups of spirits.<ref>[[Dudjom Rinpoche]], ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume 2.'' For a detailed description, see pages 158-159.</ref>
 
In East Asia, the following listing is common:
*[[gods]] (Skt. ''deva''; Tib. [[ལྷ་]], Wyl. ''lha'')
*[[naga]] (Skt. ''nāga''; Tib. [[ཀླུ་]]་ Wyl. ''klu'')
*[[yaksha]] (Skt. ''yakṣa''; Tib. [[གནོད་སྦྱིན་]], Wyl. ''gnod sbyin'')
*[[gandharva]] (Tib. [[དྲི་ཟ་]], Wyl. ''dri za'')
*[[asura]] (Tib. [[ལྷ་མིན་]] (Wyl. ''lha min'') or [[ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་]] (Wyl. ''lha ma yin'')
*[[garuda]] (Skt. ''garuḍa''; Tib. ཁྱུང་, Wyl. ''khyung'')
*[[kinnara]] (Tib. [[མིའམ་ཅི་]], Wyl. ''mi'am ci'')
*[[mahoraga]] (Tib. [[ལྟོ་འཕྱེ་ཆེན་པོ་]], Wyl. ''lto 'phye chen po'')
 
==References==
<small><references/></small>


==Further Reading==
==Further Reading==
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[[Category:Gods and demons]]
[[Category:Gods and demons]]
[[Category:Beings]]
[[Category:Classes of beings]]
[[category:Enumerations]]
[[category:Enumerations]]
[[Category:8-Eight]]
[[Category:08-Eight]]

Latest revision as of 10:54, 3 February 2019

Eight classes of gods and demons (Skt. Aṣṭagatyaḥ or Aṣṭauparṣadaḥ; Tib. ལྷ་འདྲེ་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་, lha dré dé gyé, Wyl. lha 'dre sde brgyad) — a classification of worldly spirits. There are many different classifications; one of them is:

On an inner level, they correspond to the eight consciousnesses.

Alternative Classifications

Alternative classifications include gods and demons such as:

According to Nubchen Sangye Yeshe's “Dergye Serkyem” (Tib. སྡེ་བརྒྱད་གསེར་སྐྱེམས་, Wyl. sde brgyad gser skyems), “Offering of Golden Drink to the Eight Classes”, there are six series of eightfold groups of spirits.[1]

In East Asia, the following listing is common:

References

  1. ↑ Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume 2. For a detailed description, see pages 158-159.

Further Reading

  • Revue d'Études Tibétaines, Number 2, April 2003 - Numéro spécial Lha srin sde brgyad
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